chapter 13 and 14 homework questions

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chapter 13 and 14 homework questions

57 Terms

1

There are two types of defenses that make up our immunity. The two types are b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes lymphocytes ,

  • nonspecific or non-specific

  • specific

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2

Which of the following act as mechanical barriers to pathogen entry in the body?

  • Mucous membrane

  • Skin

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3

The upper respiratory tract is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane. How does this prevent pathogens we inhale from entering our body? (Select all that apply)

  • Ciliated cells sweep mucous into the throat

  • Sticky mucous traps pathogens

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4

Lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs make up the organ system called the _____ system

lymphatic

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5

The effects of histamine on capillaries include ______. (Select all that apply)

  • dilation of capillaries

  • increased permeability of capillaries

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6

A specific or nonspecific response that can prevent infection is called ______.

immunity

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7

Two mechanical barriers that prevent pathogen entry are Blank______ and Blank______.

  • skin

  • mucous membranes

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8

Mast cell

Cell to which antibodies, formed in response to allergens, attach, bursting the cell and releasing allergy mediators, which cause symptoms

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9

Pus

Thick, yellowish fluid composed of dead phagocytes, dead tissue, and bacteria

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10

Lymphocytes can recognize native or "self" cells from foreign cells by looking at protein molecules on the cell membrane called

antigens, glycoprotein, or antigen

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11

Name the body's three lines of defense against pathogens. (Select all that apply)

  • adaptive (specific) defenses

  • mechanical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes

  • inflammatory reaction, NK cells, and nonspecific phagocytic white blood cells

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12

Lymphocytes that differentiate and mature in the thymus are called ____cells, or lymphocytes; lymphocytes that differentiate in red bone marrow are called___

t and b

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13

When activated by an antigen, B lymphocytes start to divide and produce _____ cells, which produce _____.

plasma; antibodies

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14

Which are examples of antigens? (Select all that apply)

  • Parasites

  • Cell membrane proteins

  • Fragment of a virus

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15

T cells are responsible for _______ immunity, whereas B cells are responsible for _______ immunity.

cell-mediated; antibody-mediated

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16

B lymphocyte

Type of lymphocyte that is responsible for antibody-mediated immunity

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17

T lymphocyte

One of two types of lymphocytes: a killer T cell that interacts directly with antigen-bearing cells and is responsible for cell-mediated immunity, or a helper T cell that stimulates other immune cells

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18

proteins present in blood, lymph and body fluids, that bind to antigens, are called

antibodies

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19

Plasma cells

A plasma cell is a terminally differentiated B cell which functions to produce and secrete antibodies.

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20

Antibodies are ______. (Select all that apply)

  • proteins that bind to antigens

  • produced by plasma B cells

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21

Antibody

Protein produced in response to the presence of some foreign substance in the blood or tissues

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22

Which are examples of antigens? (Select all that apply)

  • Fragment of a virus

  • Cell membrane proteins

  • Parasites

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23

All B cells in a particular clone will produce _______ when activated.

identical antibodies that can bind to the same antigen

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24

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death and destruction

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25

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26

Vital capacity

Maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible

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27

Pharynx

Common passageway for both food intake and air movement; the throat

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28

Eupnea

Easy or normal respiration

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29

Atelectasis is another name for

collapse of a lung.

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30

Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passageway for food?

Pharynx

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31

Which serous membrane connects directly to the thoracic wall?

Parietal pleura

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32

Why is the trachea supported by C-shaped cartilage rings instead of O-shaped (complete rings)?

to allow the esophagus to expand when swallowing

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33

Once a B cell has been activated by a specific antigen (an antigen binds to an antigen receptor on the B cell membrane), it will divide, making many copies of itself. This process is known as

clonal selection.

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34

Lymph vessels are similar to cardiovascular

veins.

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35

Which lymphatic structure enters the subclavian vein?

Lymphatic duct

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36

Which of the following is NOT an opportunistic disease that commonly causes death for an AIDS patient?

Glomerulonephritis

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37

As a child, you had the chicken pox. You are exposed to chicken pox several years later, but you do not get them again. What kind of immunity do you have?

Natural active

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38

An instrument that is used to measure lung volumes is a

spirometer.

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39

Air that is in the airways, but not in the alveoli for gas exchange, is called the

dead-space air.

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40

the lungs are part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway that helps regulate

blood pressure.

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41

For each lobe of a lung there is one

secondary bronchus.

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42

A lack of impulses from the primary respiratory center to the respiratory muscles will initiate

relaxation for expiration.

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43

__________ is detected by a skin test.

Tuberculosis

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