Unit 12 Myers AP Psychology

Psychological Disorder

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. (Adapted from American Psychiatric Association, 2013.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 651)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 652)

Medical Model

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 653)

DSM-5

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 654)

Anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 661)

Generalized anxiety disorder

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 662)

Panic disorder

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 662)

Phobia

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 662)

Social anxiety disorder

Intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. (Formerly called social phobia.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 662)

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 663)

Agoraphobia

Fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 663)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 664)

Posttraumatic growth

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 665)

Mood disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 671)

Major depressive disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with fi ve or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 672)

Mania

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 673)

Bipolar disorder

A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the over-excited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 673)

Rumination

Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 679)

Schizophrenia

A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 684)

Psychosis

A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 684)

Delusions

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 684)

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e pp. 228, 685)

Somatic symptom disorder

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause. (See conversion disorder and illness anxiety disorder.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 693)

Conversion disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found. (Also called functional neurological symptom disorder.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 694)

Illness anxiety disorder

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.) (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 694)

Dissociative disorders

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 694)

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 695)

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintain a starvation diet despite being significantly (15 percent or more) underweight. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 697)

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomit ing or laxative use) or fasting. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 697 )

Binge-eating disorder

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 697)

Personality disorders

Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 698)

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. (Myers Psychology for AP 2e p. 699)