CPH RLE Week 6 Ch 15

Health promotion

Method of Primary Prevention

• ___

• Disease Prevention

Disease Prevention

Method of Primary Prevention

• Health promotion

• ___

World Health organization

“the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health” defined by the ___

interactive risk calculations

An individual’s risk for various health outcomes can be estimated, often in the form of ___

change patients’ behavior

Efforts to ___ can have a powerful impact on their short term and long-term health

pregnancy

Another situation in which many patients are open to behavior change is ___

social and behavioral

Most health behavior theories have been adapted from the ___ and ___ sciences. Therefore, they share common assumptions

Knowledge

___ is necessary, but not sufficient, for behavior change

know ; think

Behavior is affected by what people ___ and how they ___

perceptions

Behavior is influenced by people’s ___ of a behavior and its risk, their own motivation and skills, and the social environment

Health Belief Model

Focus on individuals’ perceptions of the threat posed by a health program, benefit of avoiding the threats and factors influencing the decision to act

serious

Health Belief Model

• The disease at issue is ___, if acquired

at risk

Health Belief Model

• They or their children are personally ___ for the disease

effective

Health Belief Model

• The preventive measure is ___ in preventing disease

risks or barriers

Health Belief Model

• There are no serious ___ or ___ involved obtaining the preventive measure

Trans-theoretical Model

Pertains to the readiness of an individual to change

Theory of Planned Behavior and Theory of Reasoned Action

Theory that explore how people form intentions for behavior change and how beliefs and attitudes play a role in those intentions

Behavioral Intentions

___ are the most important factor in predicting behavior

Theory of planned behavior

___ includes perceived behavioral control

Precaution Adoption Process Model

The ___ distinguishes seven steps, from unawareness of a problem to behavior change

Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• ___

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• Stage 6 Acting

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• ___

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• Stage 6 Acting

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• ___

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• Stage 6 Acting

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• ___

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• Stage 6 Acting

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 5 Decided to Act

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• ___

• Stage 6 Acting

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 6 Acting

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• ___

• Stage 7 Maintenance

Stage 7 Maintenance

Precaution Adoption Process Model

• Stage 1 Unaware of Issue

• Stage 2 Unegagaged by Issue

• Stage 3 Deciding about Acting

• Stage 4 Deciding Not to Act

• Stage 5 Decided to Act

• Stage 6 Acting

• ___

Social Learning Theory

asserts that people learn not only from their own experiences but also from observing others

Social cognitive theory

___ builds on this concept and describes reciprocal determinism; the person, the behavior, and the environmental influence each other

reciprocal determinism

Social cognitive theory builds on this concept and describes ___; the person, the behavior, and the environmental influence each other

Behavioral Counseling

Unless the problem is severe when the patient is first seen, generally the best approach is to try first to modify diet, exercises, or other aspects of lifestyle

medications

Only if these approaches to reducing risk are refused or are unsuccessful within a reasonable time, or if the risk to the patient is high, ___ can be considered as an addition to counseling

Motivational Interviewing

Is a counseling technique aimed at increasing patients’ motivation and readiness to change - Fits well with the trans-theoretical model of change and provides concrete strategies on how to increase people’s motivation toward change

ambivalent

Patients with problem behaviors are ___ about their behavior

learn

“I ___ what I believe as I hear myself talk.” It is important to let the patient explore the advantages of changing and allows the patient to do most of the talking

cognitive dissonance

Change is motivated by a perceived disconnect between present behavior and important personal goals and values (___)

Shared Decision Making

Describes a process by which patients and providers consider outcome probabilities and patient preferences and reach a mutual decision

• uncertainty

Shared Decision making

• Best used for areas of ___ regarding risk versus benefit

Specific Disease

The major goals of primary prevention by specific protection involve prevention in the following areas

• ___

• Specific Deficiency Stage

• Specific Injuries and Toxic Exposure

Specific Deficiency Stage

The major goals of primary prevention by specific protection involve prevention in the following areas

• Specific Disease

• ___

• Specific Injuries and Toxic Exposure

Specific Injuries and Toxic Exposure

The major goals of primary prevention by specific protection involve prevention in the following areas

• Specific Disease

• Specific Deficiency Stage

• ___

Passive immunity

Protection against an infectious disease provided by circulating antibodies made in another organism

Active Immunity

Last longer (a lifetime in some cases) and is rapidly stimulated to high levels by a preexposure to the same or closely related antigens

Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

• Rates and patterns of reportable diseases are monitored and any cases thought to be vaccine associated are investigated

• The goals are to monitor the effectiveness of vaccines and to detect vaccine failures or adverse effects

Chemo-Prevention

Includes all instances where medications are taken to prevent a disease

Prevention of Deficiency States

Food or water was fortified to ensure that most people would obtain sufficient amounts of nutrients of a specific type

Oral Health

Preventing dental cavities and gum disease, oral health also addresses oral cancer and oral infectious diseases

Trevor Howard

“one way of preventing disease is worth 50 ways of curing it”

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

___

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

3. Immunization Goals

4. Chemo-Testing

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

6. Oral Health

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

___

3. Immunization Goals

4. Chemo-Testing

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

6. Oral Health

3. Immunization Goals

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

___

4. Chemo-Testing

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

6. Oral Health

4. Chemo-Testing

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

3. Immunization Goals

___

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

6. Oral Health

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

3. Immunization Goals

4. Chemo-Testing

___

6. Oral Health

6. Oral Health

Prevention of Disease Through Specific Protection

1. Prevention of Disease by use of Vaccines

2. Vaccine Surveillance and Testing

3. Immunization Goals

4. Chemo-Testing

5. Prevention of Deficiency States

___

Cognitive or Personal Factors

Determinants of Human Behavior:

• ___

  • Knowledge

  • Expectations

  • Attitudes

Behavioral Factors

Determinants of Human Behavior:

• ___

  • Skills

  • Practice

  • Self-efficacy

Environmental Factors

Determinants of Human Behavior:

• ___

  • Social norms

  • Access to Community

  • Influence on others

Disease Prevention

Involves undertaking specific population and individual based interventions geared towards decreasing the burden of both communicable and noncommunicable diseases and their associated risk factor.

Disease Prevention

___ focuses on specific efforts at reducing the development and severity of chronic disease and other morbidities.

Health Promotion

___ efforts can lead to such reduction, health promotion can also occur unlinked to disease and simply be used to promote overall well-being