AP PSych - Unit 2: Part 1

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

Bob is concerned because his children have been eating too much of an expensive breakfast cereal, so he brings home a less expensive version that looks and tastes exactly the same to him. His children immediately notice that the new cereal is less sweet. Which of the following concepts best explains the conflicting perceptions of Bob and his children?

difference threshold

Although she has not sustained any injuries, Riley cannot remember anything before the age of three. She is most likely experiencing

infantile amnesia

Alice is shopping with her daughter when she hears the word “mom.” Alice answers, only to realize that the sales clerk said “ma’am” to a customer. This inaccurate perception can be attributed to

perceptual localization

The feeling that you know someone’s name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of

the tip of the tongue phenomenon

Which of the following is the most useful study strategy to help a student retain the words in a vocabulary list?

using each word in a sentence

The data in the table depicts the number of items remembered from a list of phrases participants were asked to memories. In Data Set A, participants were asked to memorize the phrases by counting the number of words in each phrase. In Data Set B, participants were asked to memorize the phrases by creating a mental picture of each phrase.

Data Set A	Data Set B
3	16
4	17
6	18
12	18
16	18
17	19
19	20

Using the data in sets A and B, which of the following statements is true?

Set B has a smaller standard deviation than set A.

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

Gesalt principle of closure

A man sustains a head injury. After the injury, he is able to tie his shoes, but he does not recall where he lives. Which aspect of the man’s memory is intact and which aspect is dysfunctional, respectively?

Procedural and semantic

The difficulty many people have recalling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by

a lack of encoding

A few people witness an assault. Before the police arrive, one witness confidently tells the others that the assailant was wearing a green shirt, though in fact the shirt was blue. Later, when the police interview each witness individually, almost all of them state that they remember a green shirt. The memory error is referred to as

the misinformation effect

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

limited in capacity

Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use?

ionic

The graph depicts which of the following phenomena?

The forgetting curve

Dr. Lee is interested in the effect of lighting on people’s ability to concentrate. Dr. Lee studies this by manipulating the amount of lighting while participants read and then measuring their scores on a reading comprehension test. Group 1 receives dim light, and group 2 receives bright light. Which of the following research methods is Dr. Lee using?

An experiment

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

Which of the following research methodologies would present the most ethical problems for studying the causes of anterograde amnesia in humans?

Experiment

In studies of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was which of the following?

Wording of questions the students were asked about the accident

Dr. Amie conducts an experiment in which participants are asked to observe a recorded lecture and either take notes as they watch in real time or take notes when they pause the lecture every minute. She then gives them a test to evaluate their knowledge about the information presented. To reduce the likelihood of confounding variables influencing the experiment, Dr. Amie should do which of the following?

Ensure that all participants watch the same recorded lecture

Kaori is traveling on an airplane for the first time. As the plane takes off, she watches the automobiles driving on the freeway below. Even though the automobiles seem to get smaller as the airplane gains altitude, Kaori does not perceive the cars as shrinking but still perceives them to be their normal size. Which perceptual principle best describes this phenomenon?

constancy

An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each word, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute this effect to differences in

levels of processing

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of which of the following?

Sympathetic nervous system

When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

There will be no transfer of the information to long-term memory.