MIDTERM Motor Development - Reflexes and chronological order of shit and RL

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

• Starts in Supine position

• S: turn head to one side

• R: Same side arm and leg extend

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

• Starts in supported sitting

• S: extend head and neck or flex head and neck

• R: arms extend and legs flex, or arms flex and legs extend

Palmar Grasp Reflex

S: Touch palm with finger/object

R: Hand closes tightly around object

Moro Reflex

• Start in supine position

• S: Shake head (tapping on pillow)

• R: Arms, legs, and fingers extend; then arms and legs flex

Sucking Reflex

S: Touch face above or below lips

R: Sucking motion begins

Babinski Reflex

S: Stroke sole of foot (Heel to toe)

R:Toes Extend 

Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

From Birth to 4 months

Symmetrical Tonic Neck Flex

6-7 Months

Palmar Grasp Reflex

Until 3 months

Moro Reflex

Until 3 months

Sucking Reflex

3 Months

Labyrinthine Righting Reflex

• Supported Upright

• S: Tilt infant

• R: Head moves to stay upright

Labyrinthine Righting Reflex

2 and 12 months

Derotative Righting

• Starts in supine position 

• S: Turn head to one side 

• R: Body follows head in rotation 

Derotative Righting

Occurs after 4 months

Parachute

• Held upright 

• S: Lower infant towards ground rapidly 

• R: Legs and arms extend

Stepping Reflex 

• S: Place soles of feet on flat surface

• R: Walking pattern 

Stepping Reflex

Disappears after 5 months

Rate Limiter during Crawling

• Arm/leg strength 

• Coordination 

• Neck strength 

Rate Limiter during Reaching 

• Arm strength

• Balance

Rate Limiter during Walking

• Leg strength

• Balance on each leg

Walking

• Upright, bipedal 

• Individuals change the way this is performed

What are the characteristics of Early Walking?

• Increased stability and balance

• Arms in high guard

• Short steps with little leg/hip extension, no trunk rotation

Rate Controllers for Walking (Early Walking)

• Strength ( to support body on one leg )

• Balance 

What are the characteristics of Proficient Walking?

• Stride length increases

• Heel than forefoot increases

• Pelvis rotates

• Double knee lock pattern 

Rate Limiters for Later Walking

• Balance ( lack of) 

• Fear (Of falling) 

Rate Limiters for Early Running 

• Balance 

• Leg strength 

Rate Limiters for Late Runners

• Loss of Balance

• Decreased Strength 

• Lack of Desire and Opportunity 

Jumping #1 LEG

One foot takeoff

Jumping #2 LEG

Knee extension first

Jumping #3 LEG

Simultaneous extension

Jumping #4 LEG

Heels up first

Jumping #1 ARMS

Nothing

Jumping #2 ARMS 

Arms swing forward 

Jumping #3 ARMS

Arms extend, then partially flex 

Jumping #4 ARMS

Arms extend then fully flex

Hopping #1 LEG

Momentary Flight

Hopping #2 LEG

Fall and catch : swing leg inactive

Hopping #3 LEG

Projected takeoff : swing leg assists

Hopping #4 LEG 

Projection delay: swing leg leads

Hopping #1 ARM

Bilateral inactive

Hopping #2 ARM

Bilateral reactive

Hopping #3 ARM

Bilateral Assist

Hopping #4 ARM

Semi-opposition

Hopping #5 ARM 

Opposing assists 

Rate Limiters for Jumping 

Force Production

Rate Limiters for Hopping

• Force Production 

• Balance 

• Force absorption 

Gallop and Slide are what?

Asymmetric

Is skip asymmetric or symmetric?

Symmetric

Rate Limiters for Galloping

• Coordination

• Differential force production

Rate Limiters for Sliding

• Coordination

• Differential force production

Rate Limiters for Skipping

Coordination