The Growth of Democracy - APUSH I

meaning of political democracy

meaning of political democracy

gov't is

• created by,

• derives its powers from, and

• exists to serve the people

characteristics of modern system of democracy

PLRECDM (not in order)

• gov't powers limited by written Constitution

• ppl's Rights protected

• Minority grps have right to full & free existence

• gov't officials elected in free and frequently held Elections

• legislature conducts free & open Debate on issues

• legislature passes Laws by majority vote

• more than one Party exists

people's rights are protected, especially...

SPAR & R.IT.E

• freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly (SPAR)

• right to bail, impartial trial, and equal treatment under the law (R.IT.E)

(1) democratic form of gov't first appeared in...

ancient Greek city-states and in the Roman Republic

(2) democratic form of gov't was replaced by...

autocracy

• rulers of Roman Emp.

• feudal lords in Middle Ages

• absolute monarchs of the transitional period to modern times

(3) democratic form of gov't reappeared as a result of...

• 17th century English Revolution

• 18th century American & French revolutions

(4) democratic form of gov't developed into...

political systems democratic peoples enjoy today (hooray)

foundations for democratic growth

J'MMEP

• jury system

• Magna Carta

• Model Parliament

• English Common Law

• Parliamentary lawmaking

jury system

King Henry (ruled 1154) replaced feudal justice w/

Magna Carta

• 1215

• King John compelled by his nobles to sign "the Great Charter" which limited royal pwr to

• trial by jury

• no taxation w/o consent of Great Council

Model Parliament

• 1295

• King Edward I expanded Great Council's membership to middle class

• division of Parliament into 2 houses (House of Lords & House of Commons)

English Common Law

• late 13th century

• practice evolved, judges based decisions on similar cases decided previously (common law based on legal precedents)

• applied to all ppl equally

• life, liberty, & property protected

Parliamentary Lawmaking

• 14th century

• Parlaiment compelled English monarchs to accept its ability to legislate by threatening to withhold tax laws

• laws required the consent of both Parliament & monarch

Leading Tudor Rulers

• Henry VII

• Henry VIII

• Elizabeth I

what did the Leading Tudor Rulers do?

• governed capably & intelligently

• popular foreign policy (opposed by Catholic Spain)

• aided middle class

• law & order, trade, overseas expansion

• appeared to consult Parliament but actually dominated the legislature

when did the Popular Tudors rule?

1485-1603

unpopular stuarts + reasons for unpopularity

• early Stuart Kings, James I & Charles I

• ruled arrogantly, claiming "Divine Right"

• unpopular foreign policy (friendly w/ Catholic Spain)

• discriminated against Puritans

• harmed middle class

• heavy taxes, neglected to further trade

• imprisoned opponents w/o fair trial

• raised $$ by means not approved by Parliament

Petition of Right

• 1628

• issued by Parliament

• protested despotism of Charles I & reaffirmed that he may not

• tax w/o Parl. consent

• imprison ppl w/o specific charge or jury trial

• quarter soldiers in priv home w/o permission

• Parl. compelled Charles I to sign by withholding new tax laws

autocrat

A ruler who has absolute power

Charles I rules w/o Parliament

• 1629-1640

• disregarded Petition of Right & denied Parl.'s authority to curb his "Divine Right" to rule

• ruled as autocrat

• illegally raised $$

• illegally imprisoned opponents

• denied jury trials & used torture to get testimony

• antagonized Puritans

Charles I calls & clases w/ Parliament

• 1640-1642

• desperate for funds to put down Scottish rebellion -> Charles called Parl. into session

• House of Common is controlled by his enemies

main events in Puritan Revolution

• Puritan movement lasts 1642-1660

• Parliament wins Civil War (1642-1645)

• Charles I is beheaded (1649)

• Oliver Cromwell Rules England (1649-1658)

who supported the Parliament during the civil war?

• middle class

• small landowners

• Puritans

• Scottish ppl

who supported the Charles during the civil war?

• nobility

• wealthy landowners

• high Anglican clergy

Oliver Cromwell

• Puritan

• led Parl. forces in civil war (1642-1645)

• wins against Royalist armies

Charles I is beheaded

• 1649

• captured by his enemies

• accused of treason, murder, & tyranny

• tried, convicted, & executed

• reaffirmed that monarchs ruled not by "divine right" but in accordance of the law

Oliver Cromwell rules England

• 1649-1658

• England becomes republic aka "Commonwealth"

• Cromwell ruled as military dictator

• Cromwell unpopular b/c ppl objected his ways

as a military dictator, Cromwell...

• suppressed rebellions in Ireland & Scotland

• furthered economic prosperity

• maintained anti-Spanish foreign policy

what did the English object to when Cromwell ruled England?

• dictatorial gov't

• heavy taxes

• his & Puritan's role in brutal execution of Charles I

• Puritan intolerance of Anglican religion

• severe Puritan code

Puritan rule ends when...

Cromwell dies (1658)

After Cromwell dies, Parl. invites ________ to assume throne

Charles II, exiled son of Charles I

motivated by the fate of his father, Charles II pledges to...

• observe Magna Carta

• adhere to Petition of Right

• respect authority of Parl.

Habeas Corpus Act

• approved by Charles II upon Parl.'s request

• limited monarchs pwrs by providing that

Charles II rules from...

1660 to 1685 (his death)

James II's rule

• 1685-1688

• assumed throne after brother's death (Charles II)

• as Catholic convert, he outraged ppl & Parl. by

• pro-Catholic views

• efforts to employ rule by "divine right"

The Glorious Revolution

• 1688-1689

• Parl. secretly offered crown to William (ruler of Holland) & his wife Mary (daughter of James II) both were Protestant

• they accepted & James fled country

what did Parl. accomplish w/ the Glorious Revolution?

• ended "divine right" in England

• reaffirmed its supremacy over monarch

when did Stuarts rule again in England?

• Charles II & James I

• 1660-1688 (28 yrs)

which laws passed by Parl. further democracy?

• The Bill of Rights (1689)

• The Toleration Act (1689)

Bill of Rights

• 1689

• monarch cannot make/suspend laws, levy taxes, or maintain army w/o consent of Parl.

• monarch cannot interfere w/ Parl. elections & debate

• Parl. must meet frequently

• monarch must be Anglican in religion

• ppl guaranteed basic civil liberties

basic civil liberties according to the Bill of RIghts

• right to petition

• trial by jury

• protection against excessive bails & fines

• protection against cruel & unusual punishments

Toleration Act

• 1689

• freedom to worship to non-Anglican Protestant sects