Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Recombination
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A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to gene mutations, DNA repair mechanisms, and recombination processes.
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42 Terms
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
Point Mutation
A mutation that affects a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
Homologous Recombination
A process where two similar or identical strands of DNA exchange genetic information.
Base Substitution
A type of point mutation where one base is replaced by another.
Transition
A type of base substitution mutation that occurs between two purines or two pyrimidines.
Transversion
A mutation that involves the interchange of a purine and a pyrimidine.
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that disrupts the reading frame of the genetic code.
Silent Mutation
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide.
Missense Mutation
A mutation that results in a change to one amino acid in the polypeptide chain.
Nonsense Mutation
A mutation that converts an amino acid codon into a stop codon.
Germ-line Mutation
A mutation that occurs in germ cells and can be passed on to offspring.
Somatic Mutation
A mutation that occurs in somatic cells and is not inherited by offspring.
Induced Mutation
A mutation caused by environmental factors, such as chemicals or radiation.
Mutation Rate
The frequency at which mutations occur in a given gene over time.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
A DNA repair process that removes and replaces damaged or non-canonical bases.
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
A repair mechanism that removes bulky DNA lesions like thymine dimers.
Mismatch Repair
A repair system that corrects base pairing errors that occur during DNA replication.
Translesion Synthesis
A DNA damage tolerance process that allows the DNA replication machinery to replicate past DNA lesions.
Ames Test
A test that assesses the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds by measuring their ability to cause mutations in bacteria.
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion (TNRE)
A mutation where the number of copies of a specific trinucleotide sequence increases, often associated with genetic disorders.
Holliday Junction
A structure formed during homologous recombination involving the exchange of DNA strands.
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.
Point Mutation
A mutation that affects a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.
Homologous Recombination
A process where two similar or identical strands of DNA exchange genetic information.
Base Substitution
A type of point mutation where one base is replaced by another.
Transition
A type of base substitution mutation that occurs between two purines or two pyrimidines.
Transversion
A mutation that involves the interchange of a purine and a pyrimidine.
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides that disrupts the reading frame of the genetic code.
Silent Mutation
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide.
Missense Mutation
A mutation that results in a change to one amino acid in the polypeptide chain.
Nonsense Mutation
A mutation that converts an amino acid codon into a stop codon.
Germ-line Mutation
A mutation that occurs in germ cells and can be passed on to offspring.
Somatic Mutation
A mutation that occurs in somatic cells and is not inherited by offspring.
Induced Mutation
A mutation caused by environmental factors, such as chemicals or radiation.
Mutation Rate
The frequency at which mutations occur in a given gene over time.
Base Excision Repair (BER)
A DNA repair process that removes and replaces damaged or non-canonical bases.
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)
A repair mechanism that removes bulky DNA lesions like thymine dimers.
Mismatch Repair
A repair system that corrects base pairing errors that occur during DNA replication.
Translesion Synthesis
A DNA damage tolerance process that allows the DNA replication machinery to replicate past DNA lesions.
Ames Test
A test that assesses the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds by measuring their ability to cause mutations in bacteria.
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion (TNRE)
A mutation where the number of copies of a specific trinucleotide sequence increases, often associated with genetic disorders.
Holliday Junction
A structure formed during homologous recombination involving the exchange of DNA strands.
Note 
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