1.1 : cell structures

magnification

magnification

how much larger a displayed image is compared with the original object

resolution

ability to distinguish between two points

use of staining

some specimens are colourless, it is used to highlight different structures ad increases contrast

formula of magnification

image size = actual size * magnification

formula for total magnification

eyepiece magnification * objective lens magnification

set up of light microscope

place specimen on slide, cover with cover slip, illuminate with lamp and view using eyepiece

5 parts of animal cell

nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes and cell membrane

2 functions of nucleus

controls cell and contains genetic material (found in form of chromosomes)

function of cytoplasm

most of cell’s chemical reactions take place

function of mitochondria

site of aerobic respiration

function of ribosomes

site of protein synthesis

three organelles found in plant cells

cellulose cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

function of cell wall

provides cell strength and support and is made of cellulose

function of permanent vacuole

supports cell and contains cell sap (solution of sugars and salts)

function of chloroplasts

site of photosynthesis

3 differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, they have plasmid loops of dna and have no mitochondria

image produced by electron microscope

image is black and white, it can be 2d or 3d and has a high magnification and resolution

why are electron microscopes better than light microscopes

produce images with enough detail to see structures inside cells