ALH FINAL FINAL

What is Fitzgerald's lifespan?

1896-1940

What was the name of Fitzgeralds wife?

Zelda (Sayre) Fitzgerlad
Had to be committed to an asylum for mental health issues

What year was the Great Gatsby published?

1925

What year was Anne Bradstreet Poetry published?

1650

What years were Dickinson & Whitman Poetry published?

1850s and 60s

What year was Their Eyes Were Watching God published?

1937

What year was Fences published?

1985

What are the dates of Modernism?

1914-1945

What are the characteristics of the Modern Period (Modernism)?

The Modern period is noted for modernist works characterized by a transnational focus, stylistic, unconventionality, or interest in repressed subconscious or unconscious material.

What are the four major novels written by Hemingway?

The Sun Also Rises
A Farewell to Arms
For Whom the Bell Tolls
The Old Man and the Sea

What are the dates for the Jazz Age?

1920s and 1930s

Why was the Jazz Age called the Jazz Age?

The Jazz Age's cultural repercussions were primarily felt in the United States, the birthplace of jazz. Originating in New Orleans as mainly sourced from the culture of African Americans, jazz played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period, and its influence on popular culture continued long afterwards.

What are the dates of the Roaring Twenties?

1920s and 1930s

Why were the Roaring Twenties labeled the Roaring Twenties?

The movement was largely affected by the introduction of radios nationwide. During this time, the Jazz Age was intertwined with the developing youth culture. The movement also helped start the beginning of the European Jazz movement. Also includes Prohibition Era

World War I Dates

1914-1918

World War II Dates

1939-1945

What is the Lost Generation?

group of Americans who felt disconnected from American beliefs and ideals

How does the Lost Generation relate to the Great Gatsby?

Nick & Gatsby both display traits of the Lost Generation.

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

How do the 18th and 21st amendments relate to Prohibition?

Prohibition began with the passing of the 18th amendment and ended with the ratification of the 21st amendment, which repealed the Eighteenth Amendment on December 5th.

What is a speakeasy?

An illegal bar

Definition of Extravagance & Prodigality

Lack of restraint in spending money or use of resources

Definition of Corruption

Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery

What is an unreliable narrator?

A narrator who, intentionally or unintentionally, fails to provide an accurate report of events or situations and whose credibility is therefore compromised.

Causes of unreliability

Passage of Time
Bias/Prejudice
Influence of alcohol
Narrator's mental health
Narrator's morality
Narrator's context / childhood
Narrator's motive
Narrator's age
Factors beyond the narrator's control

nouveau riche

French for "new rich." Refered to people who had become rich through business (acquired within own generation) rather than through having been born into a rich family. The nouveau riche made up much of the American upper classof the late 1800s.

old money

the inherited wealth of established upper-class families

Social Mobility

The idea that people from the lower and middle class can "move up" to the upper class.

The significance of the 4 elements in the Great Gatsby

Daisy \= air
Gatsby \= water
Tom \= earth
Nick \= fire

Pathetic Fallacy

The attribution of human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or to nature; for example angry clouds; a cruel wind.

Where was Pathetic Fallacy used in the Great Gatsby?

Gatsby's flashback to Louisville (Chapter 8)
Reunion Chapter (Chapter 5)
Climax (Chapter 7)
Funeral (Chapter 9)

Author of The House on Mango Street

Sandra Cisneros

When is Sandra Cisneros' birthday?

December 20, 1954

When was the House on Mango Street Published?

1984

What is a vignette?

a very short description of the moment, flashes in the life

Litotes

A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite.

types of irony

verbal, situational, dramatic

verbal irony

A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant

Situational irony

An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected

dramatic irony

when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't

Simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Hyperbole

exaggeration

catalog

a list of things, people, or events

Aysyndeton

no conjunctions

Polysyndeton

Deliberate use of many conjunctions

Synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it

Onomatopoeia

A word that imitates the sound it represents.

Anaphora

the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Ephistrophe

In rhetoric, the repetition of words of a phrase at the end of a successive sentence.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

time period of harlem renaissance

1920s-1930s

When was the Romantic Movement in Literature?

1828-1865 (ended with the Civil War)

What were the common elements of Romantic literature?

Emotion over intellect
Individual over society
Inspiration, imagination, and intuition over logic, discipline, and order
The wild and natural over the tamed

Paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

Oxymoron

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.

enjambment

the continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

Transcendentalism

A nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.

Who were the two central figures of Transcendentalism?

Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalism dates

1840-1860

Time period of Modernism (Modern Literature)

Late 19th century into early 20th century ; mainly in Europe and North America

Modern Literature Purpose

Was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time
(Trying to make sense of the horrors observed from the First World War and prevailing assumptions about society were reassessed)

Dialogue

Conversation between characters

Monologue

A long speech made by one performer or by one person in a group.

Soliloquy

A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage

Catharsis

a release of emotional tension

Tragedy

A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic or noble character

comedy

A humorous work of drama

Time period of Puritans

1607-1750

Age of Reason/Enlightenment

1715-1789
An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century

Puritan Dilemma

The spiritual struggle suffered by some Christians due to their belief in both predestination and the inherent sinfulness of every human person

Puritan Plain Style

characterized by short words, direct statements, and references to ordinary, everyday objects

Great Awakening

a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
A time of recommitment to the Puritan ideals and identity

Reverend Jonathan Edwards

1703-1758, Voice of "The Great Awakening", famed preacher of the sermon, "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God"

Parrallelism

This literary technique uses the repetition of words, phrases, or thought patterns for emphasis.

Antithesis

Direct opposite

Henry William Elson

Puritan Laws and Character

Nathaniel Hawathorne

Young Goodman Brown, Wives of the Dead

Edgar Allen Poe

The Black Cat

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Excerpt from "Nature"
Excerpt from "Self - Reliance"

Author of "Captain, my Captain"

Walt Whitman

Ernest Hemmingway

A young novelist from Paris who decided to move to America. He was an ambulance driver in WWI, and had seen the war's worst. His early novels, "The Sun Also Rises" and "A Farewell to Arms", reflected the mood of despair that followed the war.

What year was the Great Gatsby written?

1922

Chiasmus

a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases

Age of Faith

Another term for the Middle Ages as a time of Christian outlook and behavior, but also a time of great superstition and little education.

Age of Faith (time period)

1607-1750

Enlightenment time period

18th century

Emily Dickinson

Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality
I heard a fly die

Who wrote Fences?

August Wilson

Synecdoche and metonymy are forms of what.....

Representation

Pathos

Appeal to emotion

Logos

Appeal to logic

Ethos

Ethical appeal

Rhyme

Repetition of sounds at the end of words

Meter

measure

rhetorical question

A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer

Zeugma

a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses

Pun

A play on words

Understatement

A statement that says less than what is meant