pilgrimage of grace and other opposition to the ref

who was the holy maid of kent

elizabeth barton, a nun

why was the holy maid of kent seen as opposition

she had visions that if henry divorced catherine he would cease to be king within 6 months

her supervisor developed her warnings into a wider campaign against the reformation

how was the holy maid of kent punished

had an act of attainder passed against her and was executed

when was the holy maid of kent executed

on the same day as the 1534 oath of succession

sending a clear message about henry’s intolerance of opposition to his reforms

holy maid of kent came to the attention of which important person in london

fisher

did the holy maid of kent incite rebellion

no but did have connections and lots of local support

how did bishop fisher oppose the ref

stood by catherine and argued denial of papal authority was sinful

imprisoned when he refused the oath of succcession

how was fisher punished

executed in 1535

was on the path to becoming a cardinal before his death so this shows henry’s tyrannical ways

was fisher a big threat

he was close to the king but did not cause any rebellion

how did the carthusians oppose the ref

respected carthusians denied royal supremacy

how were the carthusians especially dangerous

they were in greenwich where he regularly was and could spread word of dissent quickly

how were the carthusians punished

300 executed from 1533-40

done as a warning to others under the treason act 1534

did the carthusians incite rebellion

no just lots of executions

who was thomas more and how did he oppose the ref

lord chancellor 1529-32, resigned in 1532 and replaced by cromwell

opposed the act of supremacy and anne boleyn marriage as it went against his conscience and attacked the tyrannical nature of henry’s england which didn’t allow freedom of conscience

how was thomas more punished

executed in 1535

why was thomas more dangerous

cranmer and cromwell tried to save him from execution, both were very close to the king

but no rebellion came from thomas more

when was the pilgrimage of grace

1536

how were religious motivations seen through the pog

robert aske, the leader, declared the rebellion to be a pilgrimage

used a banner of the 5 wounds of christ, showing their commitment to traditional catholicism

the rebels restored up to 16 dissolved religious houses such as cartmel

how were political motivations seen through the pog

oath of pilgrims swore loyalty to the king but criticised his evil councillors

nobles who joined the pog believed their traditional rights were being eroded by cromwell centralising government

how were economic motivations seen through the pog

rent increases were the main reason for the anger of some commoners who joined the pog

peasants were expected to pay a tac on how many cattle and sheep they owned as well as gressam (tenancy fee)

how can economic motivations for the pog be evaluated

rent increases were common throughout the country but the rebellion was limited to the north where religious belief was largely conservative

how were social motivations seen through the pog

called for an end to enclosure in the pontefract articles

pontefract articles included a local grievance about inheritance

how many rebels were there in pog in total

30,000

were the monasteries restored by the pog allowed to remain open

yes, shows seriousness of rebellion

how many men did norfolk have to tackle the pog

8000

was the pog easily put down

yes, the army dispersed within 2 weeks

which of the pog demands did henry give into

rack renting and entry fines stopped for a while

stopped the 1534 subsidy as they complained about it

bishops book 1537 was a catholic compromise including the 4 lost sacraments

how were the pog rebels punished

174 executions

small given size of rebellion

how was government control strengthened following pog

council of the north 1537

no further rebellions after this

what made the pog dangerous in terms of gentry and nobility

the pog involved the gentry so there was no one locally to put rebellions down

lord darcy, key member of nobility, supported rebels and handed over pontefract castle to rebels

how did pog fail to secure its demands

didnt stop cromwells other policies eg injunctions 1538 or english bible 1537/39

who was the leader of the pog

robert aske, a london barrister