human dev exam 3

3-year-old child was found sitting on the kitchen floor with an empty bottle of liquid furniture polish. The child's parent tells the nurse that the bottle was half full, that the child's breath smells like polish, and that spilled polish is on the front of the child's shirt. What would the nurse tell the parent to do first?

call the poison control center

The parents of a 3-year-old child call the emergency department and state that an empty bottle of acetaminophen was found on the floor. The parents state that they think their child ingested all of the medication. What is the priority question for the nurse to ask the parents?

Is your child breathing okay?"

The nurse is conducting a session on childhood poisoning and has instructed a group of preschool parents on home safety measures. Which statement by one of the parents would the nurse identify as requiring reinforcement of the instructions?

Refers to medication as "candy for when you are sick"

A child was seen in the health care clinic and received an immunization of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine. One hour later, the parent calls the clinic and tells the nurse that the injection site is painful and red. Which instruction would the nurse provide to the parent?

apply a cold compress for 24 hours for 20 minutes at a time

The nursing student is assigned to administer immunizations to children in a clinic. The student would question whether to administer immunizations to a child with which condition?

a severe febrile illness

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 10-month-old child. The parent asks how soon the child will be able to receive the chicken pox (varicella) vaccine. What is the best nursing response?

your child can get it at 12 months old

A child is scheduled to receive immunizations. The child's parent reports to the nurse that the child has been receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. The nurse prepares the scheduled immunizations knowing that which vaccine is contraindicated?

MMR

The nurse is collecting data on a child who is obese. Which finding would the nurse identify as a psychological factor contributing to the child’s obesity?

when i have a big project to work on eating makes me feel better

The nurse is reviewing a child’s body mass index (BMI). Which BMI finding would indicate the child is obese?

BMI 96th percentile

The nurse is reviewing the pathophysiology of childhood obesity. Which conditions are correlated with childhood obesity?

hyperlipidemia

by two years what should birthweight do

quadruple

fine motor skills of a 16 month old

building a 2 to 4 block tower

fine motor skills of a 2yr old

building a 6 to 8 block tower

fine motor skills of a 3yr old

copies a circle

what age range is a toddler

1 to 3 years old

what piaget stage is a toddler in

they transition from sensorimotor to preoperational at around age 2

what eriksons stage is a toddler in

autonomy vs shame and doubt

at 18 months what kind of language should toddlers have

10 to 25 words

at 2 years old what kind of language should the toddler have

2 worded sentences

at 3 years old what kind of language should the toddler have

3 worded sentences

what immunizations should a toddler recieve

DTap

Hib

IPV

MMR

Varicella

Hep A

when should a toddler recieve their MMR vaccine

around 12-15 months

what are red flags for our toddlers

if they arent walking by 18 months

they dont have 2 word phrases by 2 years old

if they lose previously acquired skills

what age range is preschool kids

age 3 to 5 years old

preoperational children rely on what kind of thinking and play

magical thinking and symbolic play

conservation

the ability to understand that the quantity remains the same despite the change in shape

preschoolers fantasy play reflects limitations in what kind of reasoning

logical

play promotes learning by

enabling exploration and skill practice

pediatric mental health often presents itself as

somatic complaints

what are the two major injury risks for toddlers

falls and poisoning

preventing lead absorption requires adequate intake of what

iron, calcium, and vitamin c

bedtime resistance improves with what

a consistent routine and a stable environment

episodes of intense arousal during sleep are known as

night terrors

what is the most common cause of death in school age kids

MVA injuries

prevention programs for school age kids should address the risks of

drowning and firearms

how should firearms be stored

in a locked space away from the ammunition

letter reversals decrease by third grade for what letters

b, d, and p

does handwriting legibility have any correlation with intelligence

no

what percent of kids age 2-11 experience dental carries

over 40%

why should children not eliminate fats

because they need essential and unsaturated fats for growth

what are the best childhood obesity interventions

family based lifestyle changes

how many minutes of activity daily do school age children need

60 minutes

in adolescents what is the most urgent depression assessment finding is

verbalization of hopelessness and thoughts of suicide

multiple foster placements increases risk for what kind of disorders

behavioral/emotional disorders

sleepwalking in school age children is generally what

neuro-biologic

what are some physical development signs of preschoolers

that the child skips by 5 years old and can draw a stick figure with 3 parts by 4 years old

the preschool age child is in what stage of paiget’s cognitive development

preoperational with magical thinking

what stage are preschool children in for erikson

initiative vs guilt

“me do it” stage

preschool kids are expected to advance their language by

having 2000 words by age 5

asking why

and telling stories

what are preschool red flags

if the child’s speech isn’t understandable by age 4, they don’t do pretend play, or they show an extreme aggression

what age range is the school age child

6 years old to 12 years old

1st to 6th grade

what piaget stage are school age kids in

concrete operational

logical thinking, understands cause and effect, and can understand conservation

what erikson stage are school age kids in

industry vs inferiority

what vaccines do school age kids receive

HPV vaccine (age 11 to 12) and the TDap Booster

what are developmental red flags for the school age kid

is if they are having difficulty in school, if they are socially withdrawal, or if they have persistent bed wetting after age 7

what age range are adolescents

age 12 to 18

7th grade to senior in highschool

when does puberty usually happen for girls

at around 8 to 10 years old

when does menarche usually occur

at age 12 to 13

when do boys typically start puberty

about age 12 to 13

what stage of piaget are adolescents in

formal operational

what erikson’s stage are adolescents in

indentity vs role confusion

what vaccines do adolescents usually receive

HPV series

TDap

Meningococcal Booster

what are red flags for adolescents

depression, self-harm, rapid weight change, or risky sexual behavior

how should a nurse communicate with a toddler

by using simple word choices

how should a nurse communicate with a preschooler

with concrete explanations

how should a nurse communicate with school age children

by using step by step explanations

how do toddlers play

using parallel play where kids play next to each other but not with each other

how do pre-K kids play

through associative play where they still are sitting by each other but will now trade toys and go back to playing independently

how do school age kids play

cooperatively

like playing family

what is the biggest hospitalization fear for toddlers

separation from parents

what is the biggest hospitalization fear for preschoolers

bodily harm

what is the biggest hospitalization fear for school age kids

is a loss of control

when should the fontanel close in toddlers

by 18 months

when does bladder control develop for toddlers

around 18 to 24 months

why should parents limit the amount of whole milk toddlers ingest

because anything past 32oz will reduce their appetite and limit there iron intake

toddlers bedtime bottles should contain what

only water

when does toilet training usually begin with toddlers

usually after 18 months

what are the steps of bowel control

1. during infancy they stop stooling at night

2. then they stop stooling (self/diaper) during the day

3. stop urinating in diaper during the day

4. stop urinating in diaper at night

kiddos under 18 months should avoid what

screen time

how many hours of sleep do toddlers need

10 to 13 hours plus naps

when do night terrors occur

in toddlerhood

autism spectrum disorders

is a lifelong disability with impaired social interactions and communications and they have both restricted activities and interests

there is no known cause but is likely a genetic epidemiology

Otitis Media

is common in toddlers and the main reason for healthcare visits

Amblyopia

is a lazy eye (diminished loss of vision in an eye that isnt used as much)

occurs in 2 to 3/100 kids

is both preventable and treatable

Strabismus

causes eye turning

the signs are rubbing eyes, covering an eye, difficulty focusing, and squinting

how do toddlers view rules

rules are absolute

how do toddlers cope

through temper tantrums

in a preschooler what happens to their renal system

it matures and functions like that of an adult

when do preschoolers usually drop napping

at around age 4 to 5

what should a preschoolers bedtime routine look like

it should be short and consistent

what disrupts a preschooler childs sleep

night terrors

how do preschoolers cope

tantrums, regression, anxiety, and fantasy

what is menarche

first time a girl ovulates and has a menstrual cycle

obesity in school age children

is a BMI >95th

overweight in school age children

is a BMI >85<95

what are the best interventions for obesity

activity, balanced diet, reduced sugar intake, less screen time, and full family interventions

what is euresis

is involuntary urination

primary euresis is when the child never stopped wetting the bed

secondary euresis is when the child did stop wetting the bed and then started the behavior again

what is encopresis

is persistent involuntary passing of stool

is usually a complication of chronic constipation

how much sleep do school age kids need

8 to 12 hours

they should NOT need a nap

how is self esteem developed in school age kids

its shaped by their families and friends