AP Gov Chapter 9; Policial Parties

Mr. Bowersox Open Stax

Association

groups of companies or institutions that organize around a common set of concerns, often within a given industry or trade

Astroturf movement

a political movement that resembles a gas roots movement, but is often supported or facilitated by wealthy interests and/or elites

Citizens United

citizens United V Federal election commission was a 2010 Supreme Court case that granted, corporations and unions the right to spend unlimited amounts of money on elections

Collective good

a good such as public safety or clean air, often produced by government, that is generally available to the population as a whole

Contract lobbyist

lobbyists who works for a contract lobbying firm that represents clients before government

Disturbance theory

the theory that an external event can lead to interest group mobilization

Efficacy

the belief that you make a difference in the government cares about you or your views

Elite critique

the proposition that wealthy and elite interests are advantaged over those without resources

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Fragmentation

the result when a large interest group develops diverging needs

Free rider problem

the situation that occurs when some individuals receive benefits (get free ride) without helping to bear the cost

Crossroads movements

a political movement that often begins from the bottom up, inspired by average citizens concerned about a given issue

In-house lobbyist

an employee or executive within an organization who works as a lobbyist on behalf of the organization

Inside lobbying

The act of contracting and taking the organizations message directly to lawmakers in an attempt to influence policy

Iron triangle

three-way relationship among congressional committees, interest groups, and the bureaucracy

Issue network

a group of interest, groups, and people who work together to support a particular issue or policy

Legislative liaison

a person employed by a governmental entity, such as a local government, executive department, or university to represent the organization before the legislature

Lobbyist

a person who represents an organization before government in an attempt to influence policy

Material incentives

substantial, monetary or physical benefits, given to groups members to help overcome collective action problems

Membership organization

an interest group that usually consists of dues paying members who organize around a particular cause or issue

neoplualist

A person who suggest that all group groups’ access and influenced depends on the political environment

Outside lobbying

The act of lobbying indirectly by taking the organization’s message to the public, often through the use of the media and/or by issue press release, in hopes that the public will then put pressure on mom makers

Particularized benefit

a benefit that generally accrues to a narrow segment of society

Pluralists

A person who believes many groups helpfully compete for access to decision-makers

Public interest group

and interest group that seeks public good, which is something that accrues to all

purposive incentives

benefits to overcome collective action problems that appeals to people support of the issue or cause

Revolving door laws

laws that acquire a cooling off period before government officials can register to lobby after leaving office

Soft money

money that interests can spend on behalf of candidates without being restricted by federal laws

Solitary incentives

benefit benefits, based on the concept that people like to associate with those were similar to themselves

Voting cues

sources- including fellow, lawmakers, constituents, and interest groups -that lawmakers often used to help them decide how to vote, especially on unfamiliar issues

Someone who lobbies on behalf of their employer as part of their job is _____________

And in-house lobbyist

How are collective goods different from private goods?

collective goods offer broadly distributed, benefits, while private goods offer particularized benefits. Collective goods are accessible to all members of a group, while private goods are exclusive to individual owners.

Why might several competing corporations join together in an association?

Because there is often strength the numbers, because they have common issues that may affect an entire industry, and they can all benefit from governmental policies

What types of incentives appeal to someone's concern about a cause

Purposive incentives

Which of the following is the best example of a solidary benefit?

joining a group to be with others like you

What are some ways to overcome collective action problems?

groups often use selective incentives, patrons, and political entrepreneurs to encourage participation and discourage free riding.

Why do some groups have an easier time overcoming collective action problems?

Smaller groups generally have an easier time because individual contributions are more noticeable, and it's easier to monitor and pressure members to participate.

What changes have occurred in the lobbying environment over the past three or four decades

there is more professional lobbying, many interests lobby, both the national government and the states, and a fragmentation of interest that has taken place

Which of the following is an aspect of the iron triangle?

a symbiotic relationship among congressional committees, executive agencies, and interest groups.

What does group participation provide to citizens?

it provides a way to influence government policy, a sense of political efficacy, information about political issues, and social connections.

Why don't lower income groups participate more in the interest group system?

Primarily, due to the lack of resources, specifically time and money. Lower income, individuals are often more focused on immediate survival and their income.

What are some barriers to participation?

barriers include the free writer, problem, lack of financial resources, lack of education or information, and time constraints

Which of the following is true of spending and politics?

The Supreme Court has restricted spending on politics

What is the difference between a PAC and a super PAC?

PAC’s can contribute directly to candidates, but super PACs cannot

How do interest groups lobby, the judicial branch?

interest, groups, lobby, the courts, primarily by filling amicus curiae briefs to influence a judges perspective on a case or by influencing the judicial appointment process

How do interest groups and their lobbyist decide which lawmakers to lobby and where do they do so?

groups, typically target incumbent who sit on committees, relevant to their interests lobbying happens in the DC offices at fundraisers and increasingly through grassroots efforts where they mobilize the lawmakers own constituents

Revolving door laws are designed to do, which of the following?

prevent lawmakers from utilizing their legislative relationships by becoming lobbyist immediately after leaving office

In what ways are lobbyists regulated?

certain activities are prohibited, contributions must be disclosed, lobbying is prohibited immediately after leaving office.

How might disclosure requirements affect lobbying?

these increase transparency. By forcing groups to report who is spending money and what they are buying, it allows the public media to monitor potential corruption.