Sexually Transmitted Infections Lecture Notes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering sexually transmitted infections, their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment based on lecture materials.

What should a healthcare provider assume about their patient regarding STI knowledge?

Assume the patient knows nothing.

What is an important consideration when discussing STIs with patients?

Be kind, patient, and straightforward.

What is the primary prevention method for sexually transmitted infections?

Education, including condom use and signs & symptoms.

What immunizations are recommended for the prevention of STIs?

HPV/Gardasil, Hepatitis A & B, and HIV PrEP/Truvada.

How often should sexually active women under 25 be tested for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea?

At least once yearly.

What is Chlamydia trachomatis?

Gram-negative bacteria and the most common cause of bacterial STIs.

What complications can arise from untreated Chlamydia in women?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy.

What is a common symptom of Chlamydia?

Vaginal or penile discharge.

How is Chlamydia diagnosed?

Using highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests.

What is the first line treatment for Chlamydia?

Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days.

What must be done for all sexual partners after Chlamydia treatment?

Must treat all sexual partners.

What is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A gram-negative diplococcus that causes Gonorrhea.

What is one major complication of untreated Gonorrhea in women?

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

What are the signs and symptoms of Gonorrhea?

Vaginal or penile discharge, burning or pain with urination.

What is Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 commonly associated with?

Genital herpes infections.

What are the signs of primary genital herpes?

Painful genital ulcers, dysuria, fever.

What is the incubation period for genital herpes?

An average of 4 days, range of 2-12 days.

How is genital warts transmitted?

Through human papillomavirus (HPV).

What types of HPV are considered high-risk?

Types 16, 18, 52, and 56.

What is the recommended age for initial Gardasil vaccination?

11-12 years old.

What is the treatment for genital warts?

Cryotherapy, Imiquimod, and Podofilox.

What is the incubation period for syphilis?

Median incubation period of 21 days.

What is the classic lesion of primary syphilis?

A chancre, which is a painless ulcer.

What must be monitored during syphilis treatment?

RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) titer levels.

What are the vaccinations recommended for Hepatitis B?

Three doses scheduled at birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months.

What symptoms are associated with acute Hepatitis B infection?

Fever, fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain.

What are the two types of antiviral medications used for treating HIV?

Tenofovir and Emtricitabine.

What is the role of PrEP?

To prevent HIV infection for high-risk individuals.

How effective is PrEP when taken consistently?

99% effective at preventing HIV.

What testing is required before starting PrEP?

HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases testing.

What is the purpose of follow-up testing during PrEP treatment?

To monitor kidney function and HIV status.

What can be a possible side effect of PrEP?

Mild stomach upset or headache.

How often should patients on PrEP come in for follow-ups?

Every 3 months.

What is the recommended testing for chlamydia when starting PrEP?

Oral, pharyngeal, rectal, and urine testing.

What is the purpose of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)?

To reduce the risk of HIV after potential exposure.

What is the timeline for starting PEP after exposure?

Must be initiated within 72 hours.

What is the administration route for Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis?

Self-administrated orally.

What is the maximum dose for Doxycycline PEP?

200 mg every 24 hours.

What infection can be caused by pubic lice?

Pediculosis pubis, or crab lice.

What is the common treatment for pubic lice?

Permethrin.

What factor is critical in preventing the spread of STIs?

Education about safe sex practices.

What is a significant complication of untreated Hepatitis C?

Cirrhosis and liver cancer.

What is a potential treatment for Hepatitis B?

Antiviral drugs depending on chronic infection status.

What is one key sign of HIV infection?

May be asymptomatic for several months.

What is the standard testing method for diagnosing HIV?

Enzyme-linked immunoassay.

What comprehensive panel is used for testing STIs?

STD panel.

What should you monitor after treatment for Gonorrhea?

Retesting for re-infection after three months.

What conditions must be assessed in patients treated for genital herpes?

Testing for co-infections.

What is a key strategy for preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections?

Consistent and correct condom use.

What recommendation is given for testing in sexually active persons?

Routine screening for STIs based on risk factors.