APUSH

What is the significance of the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.

What were the main reasons for European exploration in the 15th century?

European exploration was driven by the desire for new trade routes, the search for wealth, competition for empire, and spreading Christianity.

What was the impact of the Spanish Armada’s defeat in 1588?

The defeat of the Spanish Armada marked the decline of Spanish dominance in Europe and encouraged other nations to challenge Spain, contributing to English colonial ambitions.

What were key characteristics of Puritan society in New England?

Puritan society was characterized by a strong work ethic, a focus on religious conformity, a sense of community, and strict social rules.

What were the main causes of the American Revolution?

The main causes of the American Revolution included taxation without representation, British military actions, and restrictions on colonial trade and governance.

What is the significance of the Bill of Rights?

The Bill of Rights is significant as it comprises the first ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual freedoms and protecting citizens' rights from government infringement.

What was the Great Compromise, and what did it establish?

The Great Compromise established a bicameral legislature, combining both the Virginia Plan's population-based representation and the New Jersey Plan's equal representation for states.

What were the Federalists’ and Anti-Federalists’ positions regarding the Constitution?

Federalists supported a strong central government and the Constitution, while Anti-Federalists favored states' rights and demanded the addition of a Bill of Rights.

What was the purpose of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?

The Louisiana Purchase aimed to expand U.S. territory and secure control of the Mississippi River, significantly increasing land for farming and settlement.

What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?

The Monroe Doctrine declared that the American continents were not to be considered for future colonization by European powers and established a policy of American intervention in Latin American affairs.

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on American society?

The Industrial Revolution transformed American society by shifting from agrarian economies to industrialized urban centers, increasing production, and changing labor systems.

What were the key outcomes of the War of 1812?

Key outcomes of the War of 1812 included a surge of national pride, the decline of the Federalist Party, and strengthened U.S. manufacturing.

What was the nullification crisis, and why did it occur?

The nullification crisis occurred when South Carolina attempted to nullify federal tariffs, highlighting the conflict between state and federal authority over economic issues.

What triggered the Civil War in the United States?

The Civil War was triggered by issues including states’ rights, slavery, and the election of Abraham Lincoln, which Southern states viewed as a direct threat to their way of life.

What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation?

The Emancipation Proclamation was significant as it declared the freedom of slaves in Confederate-held territory, redefining the war's purpose to include abolition.

What were the major events of the Reconstruction era?

Major events of the Reconstruction era included the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, conflicts over state rights, and the rise of Black Codes and Jim Crow laws.

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson?

The outcome of Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the legality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

What were the main goals of the Progressive movement?

The main goals of the Progressive movement were to address social issues, improve government efficiency, fight corruption, and promote social justice and suffrage.

What was the significance of the Women’s Suffrage Movement?

The Women’s Suffrage Movement significantly advanced women’s rights and culminated in the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote.

What event triggered the United States' entry into World War I?

The United States entered World War I following the interception of the Zimmermann Telegram and unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany.

What was the purpose of the New Deal?

The New Deal aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform in response to the Great Depression, targeting economic instability and unemployment.

What was the impact of the Cold War on U.S. foreign policy?

The Cold War significantly shaped U.S. foreign policy toward containment of communism, leading to military alliances, proxy wars, and nuclear arms race.

What were the main causes of the Civil Rights Movement?

The main causes of the Civil Rights Movement included systemic racism, segregation laws, and the demand for equal rights and justice under the law.

What is the significance of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed for increased U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, marking a significant escalation in the Vietnam War.

What was the impact of the Watergate scandal?

The Watergate scandal led to decreased public trust in government and resulted in President Nixon's resignation.

What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

Brown v. Board of Education ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and advancing the Civil Rights Movement.

What were the key elements of Reaganomics?

Key elements of Reaganomics included tax cuts, deregulation, and reduction in government spending aimed at stimulating economic growth.

What led to the end of the Cold War?

The end of the Cold War was influenced by various factors including the economic decline of the Soviet Union, the arms race, and the rise of reformist leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev.

What were the main events of September 11, 2001?

On September 11, 2001, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda targeted the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, resulting in significant loss of life and economic disruption.

What was the significance of the Affordable Care Act?

The Affordable Care Act aimed to increase healthcare coverage, reduce costs, and prohibit denial of coverage due to preexisting conditions.

What was the impact of globalization on the U.S. economy?

Globalization significantly impacted the U.S. economy by increasing trade, outsourcing jobs, and altering labor markets through competition.

What were the aims of the Black Lives Matter movement?

The Black Lives Matter movement aims to address systemic racism and police brutality against Black individuals and advocate for social justice.

What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade?

Roe v. Wade was significant as it legalized abortion nationwide, affirming women's rights to choose and drawing nationwide debates on reproductive rights.

What is the significance of the 'American Dream'?

The 'American Dream' embodies the ideals of freedom, opportunity, and success, suggesting that anyone can achieve prosperity through hard work.

What led to the rise of the Tea Party movement?

The Tea Party movement rose in response to fiscal conservatism, taxes, and perceived government overreach, influencing Republican Party politics.

What were some effects of the Great Migration?

The Great Migration led to the urbanization of African Americans, cultural growth in cities, and significant demographic shifts affecting the labor market.

What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)?

The National Labor Relations Act protected the rights of workers to organize, join unions, and engage in collective bargaining.

What was the goal of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

The goal of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to outlaw discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, promoting equal access and opportunity.

What key issues arose from the Vietnam War?

Key issues arising from the Vietnam War included anti-war protests, discussions about U.S. military intervention, and the war's impact on public trust in government.

What was the significance of the Supreme Court case United States v. Nixon?

United States v. Nixon affirmed the principle of judicial review and limited the power of the President, leading to Nixon's eventual resignation.

What were the major goals of environmental movements in the 1970s?

Major goals of environmental movements in the 1970s included conservation, pollution reduction, and the establishment of environmental regulations.

What role did the United States play in the creation of the United Nations?

The United States played a key role in the establishment of the United Nations following World War II, promoting international cooperation and peacekeeping.

What was the purpose of the Patriot Act?

The purpose of the Patriot Act was to enhance national security in response to the September 11 attacks, expanding law enforcement's surveillance capabilities.

What sparked the Occupy Wall Street movement?

The Occupy Wall Street movement sparked as a protest against economic inequality and corporate influence on politics, emphasizing the slogan 'We are the 99%.'

What was the significance of the 2008 financial crisis?

The 2008 financial crisis significantly impacted the global economy, resulting in widespread job losses, increased regulation of financial institutions,