Psychology Chapter 11

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Personality

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22 Terms

1

Personality

the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways

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2

Franz Gall

proposed that the distances between bumps on the skull reveal a person’s personality traits, character, and mental abilities

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3

Phrenology

the pseudoscience of measuring the areas of a person’s skull

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4

Unconscious

mental activity of which we are unaware and are unable to access

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5

Repression

process through which unacceptable urges and desires are kept in our unconscious

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6

Id

contains our most primitive drives or urges, and is present from birth. It directs impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex

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7

Superego

moral compass that tells us how we should behave

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8

Ego

rational part of our personality

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9

Neurosis

a tendency to experience negative emotions

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10

Defense mechanisms

unconscious protective behaviors that aim to reduce anxiety

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11

Reaction formation

a defense mechanism in which an individual acts much younger than their age

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12

Projection

a person refuses to acknowledge her own unconscious feelings and instead sees those feelings in someone else

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13

Latency period

period in which sexual desires are dormant as children focus on other pursuits

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14

Alfred Adler

founded the school of psychology known as individual psychology

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15

Individual psychology

school of psychology which focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority

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16

Analytical psychology

psychology that balances opposing forces of conscious and unconscious thought

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17

Collective unconscious

a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces

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18

Archetypes

represented by universal themes in various cultures, as expressed through literature, art, and dreams

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19

Social-cognitive theory

theory of personality that emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality

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20

Reciprocal determinism

cognitive processes, behavior, and context all interact, each factor influencing and being influenced by the others simultaneously

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21

Self-efficacy

our level of confidence in our own abilities, developed through our social experiences

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22

Locus of control

refers to our beliefs about the power we have over our lives

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