IGCSE Bio: B3 Biological Molecules
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22 Terms
universal solvent
water
metabolism / metabolic reactions
the chemical reactions that happen all the time and must take place in a solvent (= water)
blood plasma transport
water, rbc, wbc, dissolved glucose, etc
(more but only from this unit)
monomer
simple molecule
polymer
large molecule that are formed by joined monomers
carbohydrates summary
main source of energy
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
simple sugars (monosaccharides) and complex sugars (polysaccarides)
simple: glucose
complex: starch and glycogen
monosaccharides soluble in water
polysaccarides insoluble in water
carbohydrates elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
carbohydrates simple + complex
simple sugars
monosaccharides
GLUCOSE
complex
polysaccarides
STARCH (plants) + GLYCOGEN (human liver)
carbohydrates solubility
monosaccharides soluble in water
polysaccarides insoluble in water
fats (lipids) summary
long term energy storage, insulation, shock absorption, (energy)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
simple: fatty acids and glycerol
complex: fats and oils
INSOLUBLE in water
fats (lipids) elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
fats (lipids) simple + complex
simple
fatty acids and glycerol
complex
fats and oils
fats (lipids) solubility
insoluble
proteins summary
cell growth and repair, (ENZYMES)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (sulfur)
simple: amino acids
complex: polypeptide chains (proteins)
some soluble, some insoluble
proteins elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, (sulfur)
proteins simple + complex
simple
amino acids
complex
polypeptides (chains) - proteins
proteins solubility
some soluble, some insoluble
types of amino acids
20 types of amino acids
iodine test
starch
add few drops of orange-brown iodine
positive result:
orange-brown -> blue-black
benedict's test
reducing sugars (simple)
add benedict's solution and heat
positive result:
blue -> green -> yellow -> orange -> brick-red
biuret test
proteins
add dilute CuSO4, add dilute KOH (= biuret solution)
positive result:
blue -> purple
ethanol test
fats (lipids)
add equal volume ethanol and water + SHAKE
positive result:
clear -> milky white
Note 
Flashcards (24)