Chapter 1: A Sociology Experiment (Introduction)

One

It took most of human history for us to reach a human population of _____ billion

Marx

Believed owning slaves was incompatible with capitalism

Labor

The only thing workers own in a capitalist economy

Structure

Forces that impact our behavior and are produced by that behavior

Slavery

DuBois thought this supported the growth of capitalism

Sociology

The study of how societies are organized and influence behavior

Smith

Argued that specialization of labor was essential to the wealth of nations

Individual

Weber argued we should put this at the center of our social analysis

Solidarity

Patterns of connections in a society

Structural

Durkheim focused on these properties of society

Economic

According to Marx, these types of relationships were the cause of conflict

Capitalists

The group that owns factories and other means of producing goods

Poverty

Addams' work brought attention to this social problem

Mechanical

We'd expect a small village to have this pattern of connections

Wages

Factory owners want to reduce this so they accumulate more wealth themselves

Organic

The pattern of connections that emerges in more complex societies

Mills

Coined the term "sociological imagination"

Technological

These types of changes enabled the Industrial Revolution

Women

Addams was one of the first scholars to study the experiences of this group

Granovetter

He argued that people act differently as a group than they do as individuals

Data

What science relies on to test whether our views of the world are correct.

Norms

Expectations for behavior

Weber

Focused on the role of culture in understanding human behavior

Status

Social standing in relation to others

Calvinism

Weber thought this cultural belief helped capitalism develop

Class

Marx viewed this type of conflict defines a capitalist economy

Durkheim

Scholar who wanted sociology to follow scientific methods

Regulation

The idea that all groups have rules

Anomie

A situation in which there are no clear expectations for social behavior

Psychological

Type of non-economic reward or wage, such as admiration or prestige

Disease

Riots can be viewed as a _____ that spreads through a population

Integration

How tied you are to other people

Manufacturing

The Industrial Revolution involved the rapid development of this

Relational

Type of sociology that sees individuals as defined by their relationships with others

Control

Workers generally want more of this at work

Interpretive

Type of sociology that focuses on the meanings we give to our actions

Division of Labor

Specialization into different jobs

Alienation

A feeling of disconnection from others or our social environment

Dependent

In a city, workers specialize and become more _____ on one another

Eight

_____ thousand families owned the majority of slaves in the South

Race

DuBois was one of the first scholars to seriously study this topic