PBSI 330 Alwood Exam 2: Motivation

goals

specific outcomes that people desire

motives

more fluid and changeable than personality traits

motives are based on

needs

needs

necessary to survive or thrive

approach motivation

anticipate rewards for success

people with approach motivation

high extraversion

more likely to fight for rewards

avoidance motivation

worry about negative consequences of failure

people with avoidance motivation

high neuroticism

more likely to take flight form negative consequences

low self-esteem and life satisfaction

the same goal can be reframed in terms of

approach and avoidance motivation

thinking about failure leads to

hindering performance on difficult tasks

humanistic psychology focuses on

the "whole person" (more than just unconscious)

humanistic psychology includes

free will, creativity, and human potential

Abraham Maslow believed that humans

must fulfill needs in a certain order

hierarchy of needs steps

basic physiological

safety and security

love and belonging

self-esteem

self-actualization

implicit motives are mostly

unconscious

projective measures

having people tell stories in response to pictures

Murray's implicit motives

achievement (nAch)

power (nPow)

affiliation (nAff)

nAch and nPow overlap with

Maslow's self-esteem

nAff overlaps with

Maslow's belonging

explicit motives are different from implicit because you

can self-report explicit motives

implicit motives affect

performance

explicit motives affect

choices and judgment

self-determination theory: 3 needs

autonomy

competence

relatedness

autonomy overlaps with

nPow

competence overlaps with

nAch

relatedness overlaps with

nAff

self-determination theory is similar to Murray's theory except it focuses on

explicit needs

self-determination theory is similar to Murray's theory except it posits each as

essential to human function rather than individual difference

extrinsic goals lead to

anxiousness and depression

intrinsic goals lead to

happiness

intrinsic goals are better because they

inspire behavior that fulfills self-determination theory

extrinsic goals and rewards diminish

intrinsic motivation

overjustification effect

extrinsic rewards can replace intrinsic with extrinsic motivation

believing that ability is malleable leads to

greater motivation and better performance vs. believing ability is fixed