COMMST 204 - MIDTERM

communication models

different ways people assume communication works

information transfer/linear model

the sender determines meaning and passes it to receivers

interactional

sending/receiving messages by taking turns

transactional process

sending messages that can be verbal or non-verbal at the same time, de-emphasis on turn taking

strategic control

designed to produce desireable outcomes to the communicator

self concept

subjective description of who you think you are and is anchored in the values, beliefs, and attitudes you hold

attitude

learned predisposition to respond favourably or unfavourably

beliefs

ways you structure your understanding of reality based on previous experience

values

concepts of good/bad and right/wrong, most resistant to change, but most hard to identify

mindfulness

the ability to think about what you are doing/experiencing rather than responding out of habit

subjective self-awareness

ability to differentiate yourself from your environment

objective self-awareness

can think about your own thoughts as you are thinking them

symbolic self-awareness

use language/symbols to represent ourselves to others

the material self

reflected in total of all the tangible things you own

social self

developed through personal/social interactions with others

spiritual self

based on your values and moral standards

how self-concept develops

groups, roles, interactions, personality, labels

looking-glass self

learn who you are based on your interactions with others

the 3 conditions which we incorporate the message

frequency, credibility, consistency

self-reflexiveness

think about what we are doing while we are doing it

communbiological approach

genetic makeup accounts for how we communicate

social learning theory

adjust our behaviour based on how others behave

communication apprehension

shyness

5 major personality traits

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openess

conscientiousness

efficiency and being organized

neuroticism

being nervous and insecure

symbolic interaction theory

make sense of the world based on interpretation of words/symbols used by others

self-fulfilling prophecy

when people expect their benefits about themselves to come true, they often do

self and interpersonal needs

inclusion, control, affection

social ghosts

imagined interactions with people both real and fictional

self-esteem

an evaluation of our values and how we perceive ourselves

ideal selves

comparing our real self with an idealized version of ourselves

facework

maintaining a desired public image

high-self monitors

skilled at adjusting behaviour off of social cues

low-self monitors

less concerned with modifying behaviours, more consistent across different situations

social penetration theory

relationships progressing from superficial to intimate as self-disclosure increases

johari window

4 quandrants: open, hidden, blind, unknown

dramaturgy

social interactions as theatrical performances where people present themselves in certain ways

idealization

perform roles that align with societal ideals, even if reality is different

stigma

characteristics that deviate from societal expectations

spoiled performance

fails to maintain the desired impression

flattening

reducing hierarchy in business to open communication

perception

common sense assumption: direct transfer of information to our brains

selection

selecting which sensory stimuli to focus on

organization

generalizations

report talk

information focused

rapport talk

fostering relationships

standpoint theory

position in society shapes interpretations

pillow method

get a different perspective of your argument viewable from all sides

culture

shared personal and life experiences of a group who have a common set of values, norms, and traditions

edgar schein

culture is shared basic assumptions that have been invented or discovered by a group