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communication models
different ways people assume communication works
information transfer/linear model
the sender determines meaning and passes it to receivers
interactional
sending/receiving messages by taking turns
transactional process
sending messages that can be verbal or non-verbal at the same time, de-emphasis on turn taking
strategic control
designed to produce desireable outcomes to the communicator
self concept
subjective description of who you think you are and is anchored in the values, beliefs, and attitudes you hold
attitude
learned predisposition to respond favourably or unfavourably
beliefs
ways you structure your understanding of reality based on previous experience
values
concepts of good/bad and right/wrong, most resistant to change, but most hard to identify
mindfulness
the ability to think about what you are doing/experiencing rather than responding out of habit
subjective self-awareness
ability to differentiate yourself from your environment
objective self-awareness
can think about your own thoughts as you are thinking them
symbolic self-awareness
use language/symbols to represent ourselves to others
the material self
reflected in total of all the tangible things you own
social self
developed through personal/social interactions with others
spiritual self
based on your values and moral standards
how self-concept develops
groups, roles, interactions, personality, labels
looking-glass self
learn who you are based on your interactions with others
the 3 conditions which we incorporate the message
frequency, credibility, consistency
self-reflexiveness
think about what we are doing while we are doing it
communbiological approach
genetic makeup accounts for how we communicate
social learning theory
adjust our behaviour based on how others behave
communication apprehension
shyness
5 major personality traits
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openess
conscientiousness
efficiency and being organized
neuroticism
being nervous and insecure
symbolic interaction theory
make sense of the world based on interpretation of words/symbols used by others
self-fulfilling prophecy
when people expect their benefits about themselves to come true, they often do
self and interpersonal needs
inclusion, control, affection
social ghosts
imagined interactions with people both real and fictional
self-esteem
an evaluation of our values and how we perceive ourselves
ideal selves
comparing our real self with an idealized version of ourselves
facework
maintaining a desired public image
high-self monitors
skilled at adjusting behaviour off of social cues
low-self monitors
less concerned with modifying behaviours, more consistent across different situations
social penetration theory
relationships progressing from superficial to intimate as self-disclosure increases
johari window
4 quandrants: open, hidden, blind, unknown
dramaturgy
social interactions as theatrical performances where people present themselves in certain ways
idealization
perform roles that align with societal ideals, even if reality is different
stigma
characteristics that deviate from societal expectations
spoiled performance
fails to maintain the desired impression
flattening
reducing hierarchy in business to open communication
perception
common sense assumption: direct transfer of information to our brains
selection
selecting which sensory stimuli to focus on
organization
generalizations
report talk
information focused
rapport talk
fostering relationships
standpoint theory
position in society shapes interpretations
pillow method
get a different perspective of your argument viewable from all sides
culture
shared personal and life experiences of a group who have a common set of values, norms, and traditions
edgar schein
culture is shared basic assumptions that have been invented or discovered by a group
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