Art Exam #4

ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES and ISIDORUS OF MILETUS, Hagia Sophia, Byzantine

churches were being renovated at this time

cut stone becomes popular

Justinian, Bishop Maximianus, and Attendants, Byzantine

Justinian depicted himself as chosen by God

Virgin and Child Enthroned (Theotokos), Apse Mosaic in Hagia Sophia, Byzantine

made after icons were determined ok

Mary represented with shades of blue, baby blue = before Jesus’ death navy blue = after His death

Mary - is bearing her new Greek Orthodox title of Theotokos.

Christ as Pantokrator, from the Church of the Dormition, Byzantine

Crucifixion, from the Church of the Dormition, Byzantine

Justinian as World Conqueror, Byzantine

David Composing the Psalms, from the Paris Psalter, Byzantine

red character = representation of the mountain of Bethlehem

Byzantine Architecture and it’s Decorative Interiors

Dome on Pendentives

- Dome over larger dome that distributes the weight down the piers

Dome on Squinches

- Dome over secondary supports (Arches, Corbels, or Lintels) forming an octagon

- Geometric System of Measurement and Balance Distribution = Circle over Square

Dome on Pendentive, Dome over larger dome that distributes the weight down the piers

Dome on Pendentives - A dome is applied over a larger, rounded groin vault

Dome on Squinches, Dome over secondary supports (Arches, Corbels, or Lintels) forming an octagon

Dome on Squinches - A dome is applied over a secondary support, such as a cushiony cut stone, and then stacked on top of a larger squared arch portal system.

Pendentives and Squinches

A supportive system which employs geometric designs of circles and squares

nimbii

his topped with a white cross pattern to denote his status.

Mandorla

This almond-shaped outline (man in a door)

Icons and the Iconoclasm

-In use as early as 4th century; Height of

popularity in 6th c. CE still used today in

many regions of the world today

-Viewed as “Devotional” items; most were used for Personal, Private Use, but many used publicly for social status

-Appropriate Use = Icon Veneration vs. Too Much Use = Idol Worship

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-Backlash arose in 8th c. CE towards images due to debate of use for Teaching Tools for the Illiterate versus the 2nd Commandment: “No Graven Images”

Iconophiles

Supporters of Art

Those who admired the artworks and treasured them not only for their holy presence, but also for their beauty and ancestral association, using them as teaching tools.

Iconoclasts

Disapproved of Use of Art

Those who destroyed the imagery and made strong reference the 2nd commandment quote of No Graven Images.

Icons

devotional items that were used as representative images of holy characters,

Theotokos

Mary’s new Greek Orthodox title