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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
the four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ____
the atoms are double bonded
the chemical symbol O=O means _____
gross
the study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is ____ anatomy
to maintain homeostasis
the main, general purpose of negative feedback is _____
cytology: study of the structures in a particular region
choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched.
partially polar and partially nonpolar
a phospholipid is usually ______.
acidic
a solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ____.
sodium
which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?
a relatively stable environment, within limits
homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.
7
atom X has seventeen protons, how may electrons are in its valence shell?
it is considered the cause of most diseases
which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance
ionic compounds
salts are always _____.
2-1-4-3-5
place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
molecules
atoms
tissues
cells
organ
74 protons and the same number of electrons
if atom x has an atomic number of 74 it would have ______.
diaphysis
a fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ____.
osteoclast
bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
lacunae
the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called
is produced by secondary ossification centers
ossification of the ends of long bones _______.
fat
yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ___.
the sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue
select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. the inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of _____.
parathyroid hormone
which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
an elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the ____.
sarcolemma
the muscle cell membrane is called the ___.
trabeculae
spongy bones are made up of a framework called ___.
the osteon
the structural unit of compact bone is ____.
hyaline cartilage
what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
an ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
for intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary
endomysium
which of the following sounds the individual muscle cell?
visual association area
an individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ___.
is formed mostly by the choroid plexuses and modified by ependymal cells
the cerebrospinal fluid ____.
lateral sulcus
the frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ___.
loss of ability to feel something (i.e. touch sensation)
injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following EXCEPT _____.
frontal from parietal
the central sulcus separates which lobes?
myelinated fibers, i.e. tracts
which of these would you NOT find in the superficial cerebral cortex?
sulcus
a shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ____.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
an elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage is the ____.
gyri
ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ____.
temporal lobe
the primary auditory cortex is located in the ___.
longitudinal fissure
the fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the ____.
corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
the function of commissures is to connect ____.
gray matter on the inside, white matter on the outside
the spinal cord has ____ and _____.
the posterior root ganglia of the spinal cord
cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in _____.
arachnoid and pia
the subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?
is considered a motor speech area
broca's area _____.
cervical
the __ nerve is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve.
posterior root of the spinal cord
neurons carrying information pass through the ___.
afferent nerves
nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ___.
horns
the pattern of gray matter in the spinal cord is divided into _____.
a complete loss of voluntary movement
if the anterior root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies
facial
a patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. which cranial nerve has been damaged?
interneurons
if the grey matter of the spinal cord were to begin degenerating, which of the following structures would be breaking down?
olfactory
a fracture of the ethmoid bone could result in damage to which cranial nerve
supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
the abducens nerve ____.
conus medullaris; cauda equina
the tapering end of the spinal cord ends at L1 is referred to as the ___, while the bundle of nerve roots that extend inferiorly from this point is the ____.
vestibulocochlear
problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?
optic
mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?
thalamus
second-order neurons synapse with third-order neurons in the ___.
dermatome
the area of skin that sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve innervate is called a _____.
problems with walking
bill contracts a viral disease that destroys some of the cells in the anterior grey horns in the lumbar region of his spinal cord. as a result of the disease, which of the following would you expect?
decussate
many fibers extending through the descending tracts of the spinal cord's white matter cross form one side of the body to the other; in other words, these fibers ____.
20-20,000 vibrations per second
the range of human hearing is about ____
substances in solution
olfactory cells and taste buds are normally stimulated by ____
ganglion cells
there are three layers of neurons in the retina. the axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?
facial
a patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. which cranial nerve has been damaged?
cochlea
receptors for hearing are found in the ____
interneurons
if the grey matter of the spinal cord were to begin degenerating, which of the following structures would be breaking down?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
light passes through the following structures in which order?
convergence
damage to the medial recti muscles would probably affect ____.
vision in dim light
what is the main function of the rods in the eye?
corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
the function of commissures is to connect_____.
widely distributed throughout the body
receptors for the general senses are found ____
ciliary muscles contract
the lens of the eye thickens when the ______
scala vestibuli
the oval window is connected directly to which passageway?
red, green, and blue
the color receptors in the retina are most sensitive to light waves that are _____.
where the optic nerve leaves
the blind spot of the eye is _____
umami
the taste sensation that amino acids such as glutamic acid cause is ____.
dermatome
the area of skin that sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve innervate is called a ____
pharyngotympanic tube
which of the following structures is NOT part of the external ear?
sensory adaptation
the ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates ____.
alkaloids
you try eggplants for the first time and notice a very bitter taste. which of the following are you most likely tasting in the eggplant?
0.5% NaCl
consider a cell with total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. placing the cell in which bath solution would result in the cell increasing in mass?
phagocytosis
when a cell surrounds a large particle and then engulfs it, the process is called _____.
polar covalent; negatively
hydrogen bonds form between molecules containing ____ bonds; the hydrogen bond is between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and a partially ____ charged atom of another.
desmosomes
these junctions hold adjacent cells together and provide resistance to mechanical stress
diffusion
movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as ____.
channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of ____.
the sharing of two pairs of electrons
a double covalent bond involves ____
eight
when diagramming an atom, how many electrons can fir in each of the shells beyond the innermost shell?
microvilli
which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?
more acidic and has a 1,000-fold increase in H+
compared to a solution with a pH of 7, a solution with a pH of 4 is _____
microtubule
which is a non-membrane bound organelle?
cholesterol
the lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is _____
pathologic anatomy
the anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under ____.
high specific heat, and this tends to keep body temperature relatively constant
water has a ____
outer layer of the cell membrane and they help in "cellular recognition"
glycolipids are found on the ____
hypertonic
crenation occurs when a cell is placed into a(n) ___
an increase in breathing so that carbon dioxide levels decline to the set point
if carbon dioxide levels rise in the body, negative feedback mechanisms will trigger ____.
electrostatic interactions between anions and cations
ionic bonds involve ____
structure and form
anatomy is the study of ____
Note 
Flashcard (39)