CO5 CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

SOCIAL CHANGE

minor or major transformation in the social order of a society
which may include changes in the nature of society, social
institutions, social behavior, or social relations.

SOCIAL CHANGE

It happens when people are unhappy and dissatisfied with
their present situation in the society.

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Heraclitus

a Greek philosopher, said that everything in this world is constantly shifting, changing and becoming something other than what it was before.

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Heraclitus

acc. to him:

1. everything is constantly changing

2. opposite things are identical

3. everything is and is not at the same time

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Heraclitus

“Change is the only constant in life”

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Heraclitus

Universal Flux and the Identity of Opposites entail a denial of the Law of Non-Contradiction

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Hegelian Theory - Georg WIlhelm Friedrich Hegel

places ultimate reality in ideas rather than in things and that uses dialectic to comprehend an absolute idea behind phenomena.

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Hegelian Theory - Georg WIlhelm Friedrich Hegel

change happens as a new synthesis resulting from the clash of a thesis and antithesis

DIALECTIC

MARXIST DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Conflict Theory - Karl Marx

society undergoes evolution when people are not contented with the present economic system

THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Conflict Theory - Karl Marx

people change or transform the society they are in to serve their own purposes

DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM: MARX’S THEORY OF HISTORY

CAUSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE

Technology, Social Institutions, Population, Environment

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Innovation

New techniques or modifications used to achieve an intended goal or end.

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Innovation

Acc to Everett Rodgers, the success or failure depends on 5 steps:

1. Relative advantage or surpassing similar ideas in terms of satisfaction and convenience.

2. Compatibility with the needs and practices of society.

3. Simplicity

4. Trialibility/testability

5. Observability

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Diffusion

Spreading of ideas that lead to the formation of new concepts.

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Innovation

Acc. to Everett Rodgers, it has steps:

1. Knowledge (becomes aware of new innovation but lacks information and inspiration)

2. Persuasion (interest in the innovation spikes; begins to research)

3. Decision (weighs positive and negative results of adopting innovation)

4. Implementation (adapts innovation into system and starts to determine its usefulness)

5. Confirmation

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Acculturation and Assimilation

Adopting some aspects of the cultural traits and practices of another group.

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Acculturation and Assimilation

Fully adopting the culture of another group.

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Social Contradictions and Tensions

Takes place as the population increases continuously and resources becomes scarce.

SOURCES OF SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE

Social Contradictions and Tensions

Acts of terrorism, power struggle, advocacy groups.

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

1. People

2. Prosperity

3. Peace

4. Partnership

5. Planet

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

People

end poverty and hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and equality

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

Prosperity

ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

Peace

foster peaceful, just, and inclusive societies

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

Partnership

implement the agenda through a solid global partnership

CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF SDG 2030

Planet

protect our planet’s natural resources and climate for future generation

THREAT TO SUSTAINABILITY

The misuse of technology; carbon emissions, environmental degradation; rapid increase in population causes global warming and climate change to occur.

FEASIBLE SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

• mitigation by emission reduction: led

• adaptation

• building resilient systems

• possible future climate engineering: greenhouse gas removal and solar radiation management

• use of renewable energy: solar and wind power

Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)

Responsible for processing workers’ contracts and pre-deployment checks, licensing, regulating, and monitoring private recruitment agencies.

Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA)

Provides support and assistance to migrants and their families

PROBLEMS OF OFWs

• Excessive placement fees

• Unpaid or delayed wages

• Involvement in syndicate operations

• Tedious process of securing travel documents and requirements

• Abusive employers

• Professional extortionists

• Confiscation of passports by employers

LAWS PROTECTING OFWs

• 1995 - Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipino Act of 1995 (RA No. 8042)

• 2003 - Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (RA No. 9208)

• 2003 - Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003 (RA No. 9189)

• 2003 - Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act of 2003 (RA No. 9225)

CITIZENSHIP

Set of Rights = Allegiance, Compliance, and Cooperation to the State

ACTS OF RESPONDING

• Fulfilling your responsibilities as human

• Educating yourself

• Being proactive in various social, cultural, and political issues

• Reaching in-needs through different helps

• Respecting different members of our society

• Sharing educational memes, news, intellectual aids

• VOTING

SUFFRAGIUM

vote or political support (latin word)

SUFFRAGE

Constitutional, Civil, and Political Right

SUFFRAGE

Right to vote

SUFFRAGE

Inclusive citizenship and participatory governance

SUFFRAGE

one of the most important elements of democracy

THEORIES OF SUFFRAGE

1. Suffrage as an attribute of citizenship

2. Suffrage as vested privilege

3. Suffrage as a government function

4. The Ethical Theory

EMBODIMENT OF SUFFRAGE

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3. 1987 Philippine Constitution

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

1. Election

2. Plebiscite

3. Referendum

4. Initiative

5. Recall

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

Election

the means by which people choose their leaders and officials.

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

Plebiscite

the means by which people expresses their choice over a
proposed law

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

Referendum

the means by which people ratify a piece of legislation
passed by Congress

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

Initiative

means by which people directly propose laws for the
government to enact

SCOPE OF SUFFRAGE

Recall

an elected public official becomes subject to a process of removal from office

HISTORY OF ELECTION

Precolonial

• Band and Tribe system

• Datu and Sultanate system

HISTORY OF ELECTION

Spanish Colonization

Male voters only (with discrimination)

HISTORY OF ELECTION

1937

ACT 4112 - granting women the right to suffrage

HISTORY OF ELECTION

1946

First democratic election after WW2

HISTORY OF ELECTION

1992

First synchronous national and local election under the 1987 PH Constitution

HISTORY OF ELECTION

1998

First Party-list election

INITIATIVE

Republic Act No. 6735

Act providing for a system of initiative and referendum through petition papers

Number of Signatories

Autonomous Regions - 2000 registered voters

Provinces and cities - 1000 RV

Municipalities - 100 RV

Barangay - 50 RV

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6735

Autonomous Regions

2000 RV

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6735

Provinces and cities

1000 RV

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6735

Municipalities

100 RV

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6735

Barangay

50 RV

REPRESENTATION

Republic Act No. 7941

partylist system act in 1995; enables Filipino citizens belonging to the marginalized and under represented sectors, organizations, and parties to become members of the House of Representatives.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

District Representatives

Horizontal Representation

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Party-list Representatives

bottom-up participatory governance

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

• 2% of the toral votes is an entitlement ot 1 seat

• Max 3 seats

SOCIAL MOVEMENT

People sharing the same sentiments and aspirations gather and unite as group

COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Refers to social behavior that is relatively spontaneous, transitory, emotional, and unpredictable

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

• Convergence Perspective

• Emergent Norm Perspective

• Value-Added Perspective

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Convergence Perspective

Assumes that crowd behavior reflects the pre-existing values and beliefs and behavioral disposition of the individuals who join a crowd.

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Emergent Norm Perspective

nontraditional behavior (such as that associated with collective action) develops in crowds as a result of the emergence of new behavioral norms in response to a precipitating crisis

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Value-Added Perspective

collective behavior results when several conditions exist, including structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, and lack of social control

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Convergence Perspective

Crowd behavior reflects the beliefs and intentions that individuals already share before they join a crowd.

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Emergent Norm Perspective

People are not sure how to behave when they begin to interact in collective behavior. As they discuss their potential behavior, norms governing their behavior emerge, and social order and rationality then guide their behavior

THEORIES OF DISPLAYING COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR

Value-Added Perspective

Collective behavior results when several conditions exist, including structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, and lack of social control.

TYPES OF MOVEMENT'

Expressive

Its objective is merely to provide information and for the people to know about an issue. (e.g. Chocolate Hills Resort, Gomburza Movie Review)

TYPES OF MOVEMENT'

Resistance

It does not only provide information but also aims to change the existing social value structures and institutions. (e.g. #BlackLivesMatter , #MeToo, #NoToJeepneyPhaseOut)

TYPES OF MOVEMENT'

Reform

It is directed at changing certain aspects of the existing social structure to make it more efficient. (e.g. CARP , K-12, tax reforms)

TYPES OF MOVEMENT'

Revolution

It aims to change the whole social order. (e.g. Communism, Philippine Revolution)