Chapter 12 - Maslow's Hierarchy and ERG

Maslow’s Hierarchy

People are motivated by multiple needs, and these needs exist in a hierarchical order that are fulfilled in ascending order.

Physiological

The first of the needs that should be fulfilled, includes food, water, and sleep. (Also heat, air, and base salary)

Safety

The second of the needs that should be fulfilled, includes safe jobs, fringe benefits, and job security.

Social (Belonging)

The third of the needs that should be fulfilled, includes the desire for good relationships with coworkers, participation in a work group, and a positive relationship with supervisors.

External and Internal Esteem

The fourth of the needs that should be fulfilled, includes the desire for a positive self-image and the desire to receive attention, recognition, and appreciation.

Self-Actualization

The fifth of the needs that should be fulfilled, includes self-fulfillment, developing one’s full potential, increasing one’s competence, and becoming a better person.

ERG Theory

Includes three needs that can be fulfilled at any time, but failure to fulfill one higher need can result in the regression to a lower need.

Frustration-regression Principle

Failure to meet a high-order need may trigger a regression to an already fulfilled lower-order need.

Existence

The first of the ERG needs, includes the basic material and physical requirements for one to survive.

Relatedness

The second of the ERG needs, includes having satisfactory relationships with others.

Growth

The third of the ERG needs, includes the focus on the development of human potential and the desire for personal growth and increased competence.