Lab 5 - Vertebrates I: Fetal Pig Dissection - Pulmonary and Digestive Systems Practice Questions

What are the 4 characteristics of Chordata?

-Notochord

-Dorsal hollow nerve cord

-Pharnygeal gill slits

-Postanal tail

Chordata

Phylum that includes all animals with an internal skeletal support system

Vertebrata

Subphlyum of chordata of animals with a true backbone

What are the shared characteristics of mammals?

1. Endothermal regulation by a) body fat and hair and b) skin with fat or oil-secreting and mammary glands.

2. Movable eyelids and fleshy external ears

3. A four-chambered heart and non-nucleated circulating erythrocytes (RBCs)

4. A muscular partition (diaphragm) separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities (assists with breathing)

5. Internal fertilization and development

6. Nourishment of newborns with milk produced by mammary glands

Pig Phylum

Chordata

Pig Subphylum

Vertebrata

Pig Class

Mammalia

Pig Order

Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates or hoofed mammals)

Pig Genus

Sus sp. (if it helps just think about among us)

What is a Notochord?

An elongate, rod-like, skeletal structure dorsal to the gut tube and ventral to the nerve cord.

What is the Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord?

Develops dorsally in the body as a hollow tube above the notochord.

Post Anal Tail features

Present and extends behind the anus in many taxa

Thus the anus isn't at the posterior tip of the body, the tail is

In humans, the tail is present during embryonic development, but is subsequently absorbed

What regions are the bodies of mammals divided into?

1. The head and neck

2. The trunk

3. The tail

What divides the mammalian body cavity (the trunk) into 2 parts?

The diaphragm

What parts are the body cavity divided into?

The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

Visceral...

lines/covers the organs

Parietal....

lines cavities/ the wall of the body

Pleura

Is the epithelium in the thoraic cavity

Covers the lungs

Peritoneum

Is the epithelium in the abdominal cavity

Pericardium

Is the epithelial in the pericardial cavity

Covers the surface of the heart (think cardio)

The umbilical cord

Connects the fetus to the placenta of the mother and later becomes the navel

Umbilical arteries

Two arteries, carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta (arteries go away from the heart, and the fetus needs oxygen from the placenta so it sends away deoxygenated blood)

Umbilical vein

A single large vein, carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus (veins go towards the heart, so the oxygenated blood that it gets from the placenta goes towards the fetus)

Allantoic Duct

Channels urine to the allantois, an extra-embryonic sac

Arteries are injected with _____ through the ______.

red; umbilicus

Veins are injected with _____ through the _______.

blue; jugular vein at the base of the throat

When inhaling the diaphragm

contracts and flattens as the chest cavity enlarges

When exhaling the diaphragm

relaxes and returns to its dome-like shape