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Tracers
________: radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process.
beta decay
During ________, a neutron in an unstable nucleus changes into a negatively charged beta particle + a proton.
Alpha + Beta decay
________ are almost always accompanied by gamma radiation.
Nuclear Reactions
________: involve the particles in the nucleus of an atom.
nonradioactive forms
They behave chemically like ________ of an element.
Radioactivity
when an element (uranium) spontaneously emits radiation, named by Marie Curie, worked on by her, her husband, and Henri Becquerel
Beta Particle
________: fast- moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay.
atomic mass
They have no charge + do not cause a change in either the ________ or the atomic.
French scientist
1896- ________ Henri Becquerel accidentally discovered the effects of Radioactive Decay.
Alpha Particle
________: consists of two protons + two neutrons; positively charged.
Radioactive Decay
________: process where atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes release fast- moving particles and energy.
Radioactive Decay
process where atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy
Nuclear Reactions
involve the particles in the nucleus of an atom
ex/ Nuclear Fission
process in which atomic nuclei split apart
ex/ Nuclear Fusion
process in which atomic nuclei join together
1896
French scientist Henri Becquerel accidentally discovered the effects of Radioactive Decay
Radioactivity
when an element (uranium) spontaneously emits radiation, named by Marie Curie, worked on by Marie Curie, her husband chemist Pierre Curie, and Becquerel who presented his findings to the Curies
Alpha Particle
consists of two protons + two neutrons; positively charged
Beta Particle
fast-moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay
Gamma Rays(also known as gamma radiation)
consist of high-energy waves, similar to x-rays
Uses of Radioactive isotopes
determining the ages of fossils, tracing the steps of a chemical reaction and industrial processes, diagnosing and treating disease, and providing sources of energy
Half-life
(of a radioactive substance) the length of time needed for half of the atoms of a sample to decay, different for each radioactive isotope (can range from less than a second to billions of years)
Radioactive Dating
when scientists measure the amount of carbon-14 in a preserved fossil to calculate how many half-lives have passed since it died and estimate the age
Tracers
radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction or an industrial process
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