JJ Pharmacogmosy

What is a beta sugar

α (Alpha) – the name given to the configuration of a cyclic sugar where the oxygen on the anomeric carbon is on the opposite face of the ring relative to the substituent on the other carbon flanking the ring oxygen

Alleopathy

indirect or direct effect on another plant through release of chemicals

• can be +ve or -ve

5 latin names of plants and their drugs

Digitalis Lanata

Colchicum Autumnale

Galantus caucasicus - Galantine (an AChase inhibitor)’

Papever Somniferum - Morphine

Cichona succunrubra

Spiro fused

Herbal Substance

unprocessed parts/whole

Herbal Preparation

Extraction/ Distillation/ Purification/ Concentration

HMP

A mixture or a single preparation or substance in a product used as the single API

1 4 oxazine

1,4-Oxazinane

saturated

allyl chain

taxonomy

kindgom

subkingdom

class

subclass

order

family

subfamily

genus

species (can interbreed but not identical)

cultivar ( retains characteristics)

strain ( subgroup of cultivar)

line (propagated cultivar from seed)

4 ways to name glyocodides

• based on action “cardiac”

• based on aglycone “steroidal”

• based on sugar “digitoxicose”

• based on linkage OSNC

What is made with Shikimic Acid

Trp= Indole

Z isomer

D- amino acid

alpha configuratio for amine

Depsipeptide

ester inside of amine

O instead of N

beznoyl

o

oxetane

L-methionine

how is SAM made

SN2 reaction of Adenosyl diphopspahte

PPi leaving group

methylsulfonium made

(S-adenosylhomocycsteine made when C1 unit is attached after a nucleophillic attack by eg OH)

L cysteinen

cycitol

where is SAM added to phenol

o/p director

L ornithine

L lysine

epsilon carbon has a amine

what does l orn and l lys make

lys : piperidine by decarboxylation followed by deamination

orn: pyrrolidine

why is the thioster more acidi

unfavourable pi overlap causes unfavourable resonance allowing CH3 to be deprotenared more easily then the resonace stabolised ester

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side note: RS- is a better l.g. as well due to the shell of e- being further away from nucleus comapred to alkoxidce RCO-

how is mevalonic acid made

decarb of ionised COO- and condensation followed by ATP stablsied elimitation of OH

how is skimic acidf made

pentose phospahte pathway

how to spot a terpenoid

not aromatic usually

how is isoquinoline derived

tyr

what is more basic isoquinoline or quinoline

isoquinoline is more basic @ 5.1

quinoline has a pka of 4.9

what is the source of indole

tryptophan

indole pka

not basic due to l.p. beinh inside the rting

whats a metoterpenoid

very minorly terponoids

a mixed metabolited mostly

whats a lignan

polyphenol (OH can be OMe or OMe2 dioxy)