Final Exam - MGMT 363 (Faulk)

What are two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose?

Team

What is just a collection of two or more people?

Group

What are the 5 types of teams?

- Work Team

- Management Team

- Parallel Team

- Project Team

- Action Team

What type of team has the following qualities?

- Purpose and Activities: produce goods or provide services

- Life Span: Long

- Member Involvement: High

Work Team

What type of team has the following qualities?

- Purpose and Activities: integrate activities of subunits across business functions

- Life Span: Long

- Member Involvement: Moderate

Management Team

What type of team has the following qualities?

- Purpose and Activities: Provide recommendations and resolve issues

- Life Span: Varies

- Member Involvement: Low?

Parallel Team

What type of team has the following qualities?

- Purpose and Activities: Produce a one-time output (product, service, plan, design, etc)

- Life Span: Varies

- Member Involvement: Varies

Project Team

What type of team has the following qualities?

- Purpose and Activities: Perform complex tasks that vary in duration and take place in highly visible or challenging circumstances

- Life Span: Varies

- Member Involvement: Varies?

Action Team

What is a team in which the members are geographically dispersed, and interdependent activity occurs through email, web conferencing, and instant messaging?

Virtual Teams

What are the 5 stages of group development?

1.) Forming

2.) Storming

3.) Norming

4.) Performing

5.) Adjourning

What stage of group development is where members try to get a feel for what is expected of them, what types of behaviors are out of bounds, and who's in charge?

Forming

What stage of group development is when conflict occurs due to members' ongoing commitment to ideas they bring with them to the team?

Storming

What stage of group development is when members realize that they need to work together to accomplish team goals and consequently begin to cooperate?

Norming

What stage of group development is where members are comfortable working within their roles, and the team makes progress toward goals?

Performing

What stage of group development is where members experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team?

Adjourning

What is a sequence of team development during which not much gets done until the halfway point of a project, after which teams make necessary changes to complete the project on time?

Punctuated Equilibrium

What are the 4 types of task interdependence?

- Comprehensive Interdependence

- Reciprocal Interdependence

- Sequential Interdependence

- Pooled Interdependence

What is a form of task interdependence in which team members have a great deal of discretion in terms of what they do and with whom they interact in the course of the collaboration involved in accomplishing the team's work?

Comprehensive Interdependence

What is a form of task interdependence in which group members interact with only a limited subset of other members to complete the team's work?

Reciprocal Interdependence

What is a form of task interdependence in which group members perform different tasks in a prescribed sequence, and members depend on only the member who comes before them in the sequence?

Sequential Interdependence

What is a form of task interdependence in which the group members complete their work assignments independently, and then their work is simply added together to represent the group's output?

Pooled Interdependence

What type of interdependence is the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team?

Task Interdependence

What type of interdependence is the degree to which team members have a shared goal and align their individual goals with that vision?

Goal Interdependence

What type of interdependence is the degree to which team members share equally in the feedback and rewards that result from the team achieving its goals?

Outcome Interdependence

What are the 3 ways to distribute outcomes in a group situation?

- Equal Outcomes

- Individual Performance

- Based on % of Salary

What are the different team task roles that could exist in a team?

- Initiator-Contributor

- Coordinator

- Orienter

- Devil's Advocate

- Energizer

- Procedural-Technician

What team task role proposes new ideas?

Initiator-Contributor

What team task role tries to coordinate activities among team members?

Coordinator

What team task role determines the direction of the team's discussion?

Orienter

What team task role offers challenges to the team's status quo?

Devil's Advocate

What team task role motivates the team to strive to do better?

Energizer

What team task role performs routine tasks needed to keep progress moving?

Procedural-Technician

What are the different team-building roles that could exist in a team?

- Encourager

- Harmonizer

- Compromiser

- Gate-Keeper Expediter

- Standard Setter

- Follower

What team-building role praises the contributions of other team members?

Encourager

What team-building role mediates differences between group members?

Harmonizer

What team-building role attempts to find the halfway point to end conflict?

Compromiser

What team-building role encourages participation from teammates?

Gatekeeper-Expediter

What team-building role expresses goals for the team to achieve?

Standard Setter

What team-building role accepts the ideas of teammates?

Follower

What are the different individualistic roles in a team?

- Aggressor

- Blocker

- Recognition Seeker

- Self-Confessor

- Slacker

- Dominator

What individualistic role deflates teammates, expresses disapproval with hostility?

Aggressor

What individualistic role acts stubbornly, resistant, and disagrees beyond reason?

Blocker

What individualistic role brags and calls attention to themself?

Recognition Seeker

What individualistic role discloses personal opinions inappropriately?

Self-Confessor

What individualistic role acts cynically, or nonchalantly, or goofs off?

Slacker

What individualistic role manipulates team members for personal control?

Dominator

What are the 3 personality characteristics that may be particularly important in a team?

- Agreeableness

- Conscientiousness

- Extraverted

What personality type is where these people tend to be more cooperative and trusting, tendencies that promote positive attitudes about the team and smooth interpersonal interactions?

Agreeableness

What personality type tends to be dependable and work hard to achieve goals?

Conscientious

What personality type tends to perform more effectively in interpersonal contexts and are most positive and optimistic in general?

Extraverted

What are the 3 types of tasks related to how important individual member ability levels are to the success of the group?

- Disjunctive Tasks

- Conjunctive Tasks

- Additive Tasks

What are tasks with an objectively verifiable solution for which the member with the highest level of ability has the most influence on team effectiveness?

Disjunctive Tasks

What are tasks for which the team's performance depends on the abilities of the team's weakest link?

Conjunctive Tasks

What are tasks for which the contributions from every member add up to determine team performance?

Additive Tasks

What are the 2 perspectives of diversity at it relates to team success?

- Value in Diversity Problem-Solving Approach

- Similarity-Attraction Approach

What perspective on diversity is a theory that supports team diversity because it provides a larger pool of knowledge and perspectives?

Value in Diversity Problem-Solving Approach

What perspective on diversity is a theory explaining that team diversity can be counterproductive because people tend to avoid interacting with others who are unlike them?

Similarity-Attraction Approach

What is diversity of observable attributes such as race, gender, ethnicity, and age; negative impact on teams early in their existence because of similarity-attraction issues?

Surface-Level Diversity

What is the extent to which people feel that they are truly party of a group (or organization) and that the uniqueness that they bring to the group (or organization) is welcomed or valued; refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially, but that can be inferred after more direct experience; time appears to increase the negative effects of this on team functioning and effectiveness?

Deep-Level Diversity

How does team size impact team success?

- Need to find the right number; Having a greater number of members is beneficial for management and project teams but NOT for teams engaged in production tasks

- Team members tend to be most satisfied with their team when the number is 4 or 5

What is the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement?

Leadership

What are the 5 sources of interpersonal power?

- Legitimate

- Reward

- Coercive

- Expert

- Referent

What source of interpersonal power is based on authority or position; when used ineffectively, this can be a very weak form of power?

Legitimate

What source of interpersonal power is based on the control of resources or benefits; has the ability to influence others if those being influenced believe they will get the rewards by behaving in a certain way?

Reward

What source of interpersonal power is based on the ability to hand out punishment; generally regarded as a poor form of power to use regularly because it tends to result in negative feelings toward those who wield it?

Coercive

What source of interpersonal power is based on expertise and knowledge; when people have a track record of high performance, the ability to solve problems, or specific knowledge that's necessary to accomplish tasks, they're more likely to be able to influence other people who need that expertise?

Expert

What source of interpersonal power is based on the attractiveness and charisma of the leader; derived from affection, admiration, or loyalty toward a specific individual; works because others want to emulate them?

Referent

What are the 4 contingency factors that impact the amount of power a person has?

- Substitutability

- Centrality

- Discretion

- Visibility

What contingency factor is the degree to which people have alternatives in accessing the resources a leader controls; leader's ability to influence others increases when there are no substitutes for the rewards or resources the leader controls?

Substitutability

What contingency factor is how important a person's job is and how many people depend on that person to accomplish their tasks; leader's ability to influence others increases when the leader's role is important and interdependent with others in the organization?

Centrality

What contingency factor is the degree to which managers have the right to make decisions on their own; leader's ability to influence others increases when the leader has the freedom to make their own decisions without being restrained by organizational rules?

Discretion

What contingency factor is how aware others are of a leader and the resources that the leader can provide; leader's ability to influence others increases when others know about the leader and the resources they provide?

Visibility

What are the most effective influence tactics?

- Rational Persuasion

- Consultation

- Inspirational Appeals

- Collaboration

What most effective influence tactic is the use of logical arguments and hard facts to show someone that a request is worthwhile; most effective when it helps show that the proposal is important and feasible; only tactic that is consistently successful in the case of upward influence?

Rational Persuasion

What most effective influence tactic is where the target is allowed to participate in deciding how to carry out or implement a request; increases commitment from the target, who now has a stake in seeing that their opinion is valued?

Consultation

What most effective influence tactic is designed to appeal to one's value and ideals, thereby creating an emotional or attitudinal reaction; to use this tactic effectively, leaders must have insight into what kinds of things are important to the target?

Inspirational Appeals

What most effective influence tactic is seen as both a conflict resolution style and influence tactic whereby both parties work together to maximize outcomes; could involve the leader helping complete the task, providing required resources, or removing obstacles that make task completion difficult?

Collaboration

What are the moderately effective influence tactics?

- Ingratiation

- Personal Appeals

- Apprising

What moderately effective influence tactic is the use of favors, compliments, or friendly behavior to make the target feel better about the influencer; shown to be more effective when used as a long-term strategy and not nearly as effective when used immediately prior to making an influence attempt?

Ingratiation

What moderately effective influence tactic is where the requestor asks for something based on personal friendship or loyalty; the stronger the friendship, the more successful the attempt is likely to be?

Personal Appeals

What moderately effective influence tactic is where the requestor clearly explains why performing the request will benefit the target personally; differs from rational persuasion in that it focuses solely on the benefit to the target as opposed to simply logic or benefits to the group or organization?

Apprising

What are the least effective influence tactics?

- Pressure

- Coalitions

- Exchange

What least effective influence tactic is where the requestor attempts to use coercive power through threats and demands; poor way to influence others and may bring benefits only over the short term?

Pressure

What least effective influence tactic is where the influencer enlists other people to help influence the target; generally used in combination with one of the other tactics?

Coalititions

What least effective influence tactic is where the requestor offers a reward in return for performing a request; can be effective at times, but it is very unpredictable and can even end up having a negative effect on influence?

Exchange

What are the 3 specific responses to influence efforts?

- Internalization

- Compliance

- Resistance

What response to influence efforts is where the target agrees with and becomes committed to the request (behavioral and attitudinal change)?

Internalization

What response to influence efforts is where the targets of influence are willing to do what the leader asks but do it with a degree of ambivalence (behavioral change only)?

Compliance

What response to influence efforts is where the target refuses to perform a request and puts forth an effort to avoid having to do it (no change in behavior or attitude)?

Resistance

What are individual actions directed toward the goal of furthering a person's own self interests?

Organizational Politics

What is the ability to understand others and the use of that knowledge to influence them to further personal or organizational objectives?

Political Skill

What are the 4 political skills that individuals might develop in organizations?

- Networking Ability

- Social Astuteness

- Interpersonal Influence

- Apparent Sincerity

What political skill is adeptness at identifying and developing diverse contacts?

Networking Ability

What political skill is the tendency to observe others and accurately interpret their behavior?

Social Astuteness

What political skill involves having an unassuming and convincing personal style that's flexible enough to adapt to different situations?

Interpersonal Influence

What political skill involves appearing to others to have high levels of honesty and genuineness?

Apparent Sincerity

What are the personal characteristics that might impact the level of political behaviors in organizations?

- Need for Power

- Machiavellianism

What is it called when someone is willing to manipulate and deceive others to acquire power?

Machiavellianism

What are the organizational characteristics that might impact the level of political behaviors in organizations?

- Lack of participation in decision making

- Limited or changing resources

- Ambiguity in roles

- High performance pressure

- Unclear performance evaluations

How would an overly political environment impact the employees negatively in that organization?

- Decreased job satisfaction

- Decreased organizational commitment

- Decreased task performance

- Increased Strain