Bio 119 Exam 2

Which type of tissue is not seen in Bryophytes?

vascular

(T or F) The dominant (perennial and conspicuous stage) of a given Bryophyte's life cycle is the sporophyte stage.

false

Which term describes the relationship between Bryophytes and Tracheophytes?

paraphyletic

Tracheophytes

Vascular plants

Hepatophyta

Liverworts (8,00 species)

Anthocerophyta

Hornworts (100 species)

Bryophyta

True Mosses (10,000 species)

Bryophytes

Non-Vascular plants

Embryophytes

Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants

sporopollenin

the compound that encases spores and pollen in plants

rhizoid

root-like structures seen in Bryophytes

stomata

openings in the leaves of Tracheophytes, surrounded by guard cells, that allow CO2 in and water and O2 out

antheridium

a male structure located on the gametophyte that produces sperm cells

archegonium

a female structure located on the gametophyte that produces egg cells

gemma

clones of a parent Bryophyte used for asexual reproduction

By what type of cell division are gametes produced in sporic meiosis?

mitosis

(T or F) Antheridia, which produce sperm cells, are located on the gametophyte of Bryophytes.

true

(T or F) Archegonia, which produce egg cells, are located on the sporophyte of Bryophytes.

false

(T or F) Bryophytes require water in their environment in order to reproduce sexually.

true

Which Phylum of Bryophytes contains the least species?

Anthocerophyta

Which Phylum of Bryophytes contains the most species?

Bryophyta

Lycopodiophyta

the phylum of club mosses (~1200 extant spp.)

Lycophytes

Tracheophytes that produce microphylls

Pteridophyta

the phylum of "true" ferns (~11,000 spp.)

Equisetophyta

the phylum of horsetails (~15 spp.)

Euphyllophytes

Tracheophytes that produce megaphylls

Produced by meiosis, this structure develops into a gametophyte that produces egg cells

megaspore

adhesion

the tendency of water molecules to adhere to a given substrate

xylem

the vascular tissue that transports water

cohesion

the tendency of water molecules to adhere to one another

phloem

the vascular tissue that transports sugars

evapotranspiration

the process by which plants procure water from the environment

stomata

the openings in the epidermis of leaves that allow for gas exchange

megaspore

female spore

microspore

male spore

microgametophyte

male gametophyte

megagametophyte

female gametophyte

Which group of seedless vascular plants contains the most species?

Pteridophyta

Produced by meiosis, this structure develops into a gametophyte that produces sperm cells

microspore

Produced by meiosis, this structure develops into a gametophyte that produces eggcells

megaspore

megasporophyll

a leaf that subtends a megasporangium

microsporophyll

a leaf that subtends a microsporangium

Which of the following structures refers to an aggregation of sporangia on the underside of the leaves of members of the Pteridophyta?

sorus

Which of the following structures refers, generally, to a structure where spores are produced?

sporangia

Which of the following structures refers to an aggregation of sporophylls?

strobilus

Which group of seedless vascular plants contains the least species?

Equisetales

Which of the following refers to a leaf that subtends a male sporangium?

microsporophyll

Tracheophytes can be divided into two groups, Euphyllophytes and...

Lycophytes

Which of the following structures refers to the umbrella like covering of sporangia found in members of the phylum Pteridophyta?

indusium

Which of the following entities does the ovule of a Spermatophyte represent in the life cycle of those plants?

megagametophyte

a photosynthetic leaf with a single, unbranched vein

microphyll

a usually non-photosynthetic leaf-like structure associated with a sporangium that produces female spores

megasporophyll

a photosynthetic leaf with multiple, branched veins

megaphyll

a usually non-photosynthetic leaf-like structure associated with a sporangium that produces male spores

microsporophyll

Which of the following elements of the sporic meiosis life cycle differ between homosporous and heterosporous plants? 

spore and gametophyte

a gametophyte that produces exclusively egg cells

megagametophyte

a leaf-like structure associated with male sporangia

microsporophyll

a gametophyte that produces exclusively sperm cells

microgametophyte

a leaf-like structure associated with female sporangia

megasporophyll

a structure that contains the mature embryo of a Spermatophyte

seed

an aggregation of sporophylls

strobilus

the microgametophyte of a Spermatophyte

pollen

the megagametophyte of a Spermatophyte

ovule

a meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem leading to the production of secondary growth

vascular cambium

Which of the following entities does the pollen grain of a Spermatophyte represent in the life cycle of those plants?

microgametophyte

What term best describes all vascular plants?

Tracheophyte

What term best described the relationship between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms?

paraphyletic

What term best describes all vascular and non-vascular plants?

Embryophyte

What term best describes vascular plants that produce seeds and pollen?

Spermatophyte

a phylum of Gymnosperms that includes only one extant species, the members of which are dioecious and deciduous

Gingkophyta

a phylum of Gymnosperms that includes pines and their relatives (~630 spp.)

Coniferophyta

a phylum of Gymnosperm that includes Welwitschia mirabilis, a desert plant that produces only two leaves (~70 spp.)

Gnetophyta

a phylum of Gymnosperms that have flagellated sperm cells (~140 spp.)

Cycadophyta

an organism that produces either male of female structures

unisexual

an organism that produces both male and female reproductive organs

bisexual

a species that includes individuals that are bisexual but that produce unisexual reproductive structures

monoecious

a species that drops its leaves on an annual cycle, usually in the fall

deciduous

a species that includes individuals that are unisexual

dioecious