microbio unit 15A: microbial diseases of the nervous + cardiovascular systems

I: microbial diseases of the nervous system (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE)

meninges

membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord (dura, arachnoid, pia mater)

csf

found between arachnoid + pia mater

→ spinal taps are preformed here

blood-brain barrier

some substances can pass from blood to brain

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

encephalitis

inflammation of the brainm

meningoencephalitis

inflammation of the brain + meninges

fever, headache, ____ ____, _______, vomiting, _______, coma, and death are symptoms of what?

fever, headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma, and death → meningoencephalitis

what are the microbes that cause bacterial meningitis?

neiserria meningitidis/meningococcal meningitis

streptococcus pneumoniae/pneumococcal meningitis

haemophilus influenzae type b/influenzal meningitis

group b streptococcus/GBS

listeria monocytogenes

neiserria __________/___________ meningitis causes bacterial meningitis

neiserria meningitidis/meningococcal meningitis

streptococcus _______/_________ meningitis causes bacterial meningitis

streptococcus pneumoniae/pneumococcal meningitis

__________ influenzae type __ causes bacterial meningitis

haemophilus influenzae type b

group __ streptococcus/GBS causes bacterial meningitis

group b streptococcus/GBS

listeria _________ causes bacterial meningitis

listeria monocytogenes

neiserria meningitidis causes what disease of the nervous system?

bacterial meningitis

what microbe causes meningococcal meningitis?

neisseria meningitidis

what % of people carry neiserria meningitidis in their nose and throat?

40%

the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis are due to what?

an endotoxin that is produced rapidly. it causes a rash that DOES NOT FADE and death can happen within hours

what are the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis?

rash that does not fade

death within hoursfever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and nausea.

what is the mortality rate of meningococcal meningitis when untreated?

80%

what is the mortality rate of meningococcal meningitis treated with antibiotics?

9-12%

what population is most affected by meningococcal meningitis?

young adults

those that have experienced head injuries (microbe lodges past the blood brain barrier)

is there a vaccine available for meningococcal meningitis?

yes → only for types A, C, Y, W-135

pneumococcal meningitis is caused by what microbe?

streptococcus pneumoniae

what is the leading cause of meningitis in the U.S.?

pneumococcal meningitis

what % of people carry streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharyngeal area of the body?

70%

pneumococcal meningitis has a high mortality rate of __% in adults

22%

what population is most affected by pneumcoccal meningitis?

polder adults

children

pneumococcal meningitis has a high mortality rate of __8% in children

8%

why is streptococcus pneumoniae virulent?

it has a capsule which allows it to resist host defenses

streptococcus pneumoniae affects children in what age ranges?

1 month → 4 years old

is there a vaccine for pneumococcal meningitis?

yes → available for infants and older adults