Immunity

The study of all features of the body second and third lines of defense, the body's response to infectious agents, and allergies and cancer

Immunology

The arrangement of the immune system promotes _________ and __________ that helps screen the body for harmful substances

Surveillance

Recognition processes

A large complex diffuse net work of cells influenza permeate every organ in tissue

Immune system

The moon system is responsible for what three things

Surveillance, recognition, and destruction

inborn host defenses against a broad range of pathogens (nonspecific)

Innate immunity

essential second tier of the immune system that target specific pathogens to minimize their harm

Adaptive immunity

this immunity is typically acquired and has the ability to recognize and destroy a particular pathogen

Adaptive immunity

what do lines of defense or nonspecific

First and second

which line of defense is not considered a true immune response because it does not involve recognition of a specific foreign substance and is very general and its actions

First line of defense

Atlanta defense consist of barriers that block invasions, limits access to the internal tissues and his very general

First line of defense

what line of defense is the human Microbiome

First line of defense

pathogens do not easily infect tissues because a harmless residential microbes limit available _______ and _____ for infection also known as competitive exclusion

Nutrients and sites

what to conditions may be the result of attempts to free our environment of microbes and over treatment with antibiotics resulting in an ill trained gut

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

these type of secretions exert an antimicrobial effect

Sebaceous

peptides that damage cell membranes and lyse bacteria and fungi

Defensins

are these specialize glands on what part of the body lubricate the conjunctiva with an anti-microbial secretion

Eyelids

an enzyme found in tears and saliva that hydrolyze the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria

Lysozyme

has high lactic acid an electrolyte concentration

Sweat

has acidic pH and fatty acid Contant

Skin

has hydrochloric acid

Stomach

has digestive juices and bile

Intestines

antimicrobial chemical

Semen

has a protective pH during reproductive years maintain by normal biota

Vagina

constantly moves throughout the body searching for potential pathogens and is able to recognize the bodies cells and differentiate them from any foreign material in the body

Leukocytes

this disorder is a result of the immune system mistakenly attacking the bodies own tissues and organs

Auto immune disease

the moon system evaluate cells by examining molecules on cell surfaces called ______ and ______

antigen

markers

what are antigens made of

Proteins and/or sugars

what is the most common method of destruction first cells that are marked as a threat

Phagocytosis

this is a structure or markers that are not found in or on host cells

Pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMP

these are used by host cells with important roles in the innate immunity of the second line of defense

Pattern recognition receptors PRR

what has the membrane bound or soluble proteins that recognize PAMP's

Leukocytes

non-self proteins that are not harmful are generally recognized as such an immune system is signaled to…

Not react or to react differently

the most extensive body compartments participating in immune functions

Reticuloendothelial system

Extra cellular fluid

Bloodstream

Lymphatic system

The ____________ occurs as a continuous connective tissue framework throughout the body

Reticuloendothelial system

phagocytic cells and mashed in this network are collectively called …

Mononuclear phagocyte system MPS

The production of blood cells

Hematopoiesis

formed elements suspended in plasma

Blood cells

clear yellowish fluid contains proteins and other solutes

Plasma

the portion of blood that is not cells or clotting proteins

Serum

primary precursor of new blood cells maintained in the bone marrow

Stem cells

during development _________ proliferating differentiate into the specialized form and function of mature cells

Stem cells

granulocytes and agranulocytes depending on their staining patterns when viewed with a microscope

White blood cells/leukocytes

these cells are virtually important to nonspecific and specific immunity

Leukocytes

immune cells develop from _________ in the bone marrow into either myeloid precursors or lymphoid precursors

hematopoetic stem cells

what cells develop from lymphoid precursor

Natural killer cell, T cell, plasma cell

what cells develop from myeloid precursor

Dendritic cell, macrophages, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell

what do cells are part of adaptive immunity

T cell and plasma cell

where do B cells mature

Bone marrow

the two categories of a myeloid cell

Antigen presenting cells, granulocytes

call the cells in golf, process, and present antibodies to lymphocytes

Antigen presenting cells

this all contains toxins or enzymes that are released to kill target cells

Granulocytes

the three antigen presenting cells

Monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

The four types of granulocytes

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and mast cells

what's three cells do lymphoid stem cells produce

T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

this cell interacts with T cell receptors

T cells

this cell interacts with antibodies or immunoglobulins

B cells

hey separate circulatory system that drains lymph fluid from extravascular tissues

Lymphatic system

the lymphatic system is made up of ____________ of vessels, cells, and specialized organs

Compartmentalized net work

where does lymph get drained back to

Circulatory system

provides a route for the return of extra cellular fluid to the circulatory system

lymphatic system

the lymphatic system acts as a _________ Systems for the inflammatory response

Drain off

a plasma like liquid carried by the lymphatic circulation

Lymphatic fluid

this is formed when certain blood components move out of blood vessels into extra cellular space

lymphatic fluid

transports fats, cellular debris, white blood cells, and infectious agents

lymphatic fluid

lymphatic cells are ______-walled veins

thin

please extend into all parts of the body except parts of the central nervous system in certain organs such as bone, placenta, and thymus

lymphatic vessels

How is lymph moved throughout the body

The contraction of skeletal muscles

the primary lymphatic organs

Red bone marrow, thymus gland

sites of immune cell Bertha maturation

Primary lymphatic organs

and important intersection between the circulatory system, skeletal system, and lymphatic

Red bone marrow

this is typically found in the flat bones in the ends of long bones is the site of blood cell production

Red bone marrow

originates in the embryo is two lobes in the lower neck region and fuse into a triangle in structure

thymus

where is the site of tea so matureration

thymus

where do T cells migrate to and settle in

Lymph nodes and spleen

set of immune cell activation, residence, and functioning

Secondary lymphatic organs

the three secondary lymphatic organs

Lymph nodes, spleen, associated lymphatic tissues

three associated lymphoid tissues

Mucosal associated MALT

Skin associated SALT

gut associated GALT

Smart encapsulated bean shaped organs

Lymph nodes

these act as filters for foreign particles including cancer cells but have no detoxification function

Lymph nodes

three locations where there an abundance of lymph nodes

Armpit, groin, neck

serves as a filter for blood instead of lymph

Spleen

where is the spleen found

Upper left portion of the abdominal cavity

removes worn out red blood cells and filters pathogens from the blood for phagocytosis by macrophages

Spleen

what type of population is severely immuno compromised if their spleen is removed

Children

what does the spleen store in case there's event of a hemorrhage

Blood

discrete battles of lymphocytes just beneath the skin mucosal surfaces that provides an effective first strike potential against the constant influx of microbes and other foreign materials

Skin associate lymphoid tissues

tonsils are an example of what type of lymphoid tissue

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues

appendix, lacteals, and payers patches are examples of what type of lymphoid tissue

Gut associated lymphoid tissue

Where are peyers patches located

In the ileum of the small intestine

patients with severe burns or blockages in salivary glands, tear ducts, intestine, or urinary tract are in greater risk of

Infections

internalize system of protective cells and fluids that includes information and phagocytosis to acts rapidly at both local and systemic levels once the first line of defense has been overcome

Second line of defense

the physical process of engulfment which is the attack and dismantling of foreign cells in can be an isolated event or is part of the orchestrated events of inflammation

phagocytosis

chemo taxis, adhesion, ingestion, Ferguson, destruction, next creation of residual debris are the events of

Phagocytosis

phagocytes migrate into a region of information attracted by a gradient of stimulant products from the parasite or side of injury

Chemotaxis

phagocytes use your PRR us to recognize P a.m. pees on foreign cells which causes them to stick together

Adhesion

after the phagocyte comes in contact with the invader and encloses the cells are particles in a pocket and internalizes them in a vacuum caught a phagosome

Engulfment and phagosomes formation

Jesus songs migrate towards Fargo Sam infuse with it to form a phagolysosome while granules release antimicrobial chemicals into the phagolysosome and dismantle and ingest the material

Phagolysosome formation and killing

destructive chemicals await the microbes in the phagolysosome with those being the oxidative burst in a myeloperoxidase enzyme

Destruction

the small bits of undigestible debris are released from the macrophage by exocytosis

Excretion of residual debris