Physics Terminologies Dump

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18DTOM17jeFwYGSvwYIz1I9w2Ca8uFtlpIwOWDsaA_f0/edit?usp=sharing

Measurement

~ an art of comparing unknown values to a standard, or the accepted set of values for a particular quantity

~ quantitative description of a fundamental property or physical phenomenon.

Units of Measurement

the standards in which the physical quantities are expressed

English System

~ originated in England

~ also known as Imperial System

International System of Units (SI)

~ standard unit measurement

~ widely and globally recognized system of units

Fundamental Quantities

~ basic quantities that are independent of one another

Derived Quantities

combinations of fundamental quantities

Conversion of Units

~ process of changing a value expressed in one type of unit to another type of unit

Scientific Notation

~ convenient and widely used method expressing large and small numbers

~ numbers are represented by the product of a multiplying factor and a power of ten or N x 10n

N = significant figures

n = how many places you moved the decimal (positive if right to left and negative (-) if left to right)

Significant Figures

~ digits that are known with certainty plus the first uncertain digit.

Accuracy

refers to the closeness of a measured value to the true value of a physical quantity

Precision

represents how close or consistent the independent measurements of the same quantity are to one another

Errors

deviation of measured value from the expected true value

Random Error

~ results from unpredictable or inevitable changes during data measurement

~ not controlled

Systematic Error

~ come from the measuring instrument, in the design of the experiment itself, or bias of the experimenter

~ consistent error, wrong from the very beginning

Variance

measures the squared deviation of each number in the set from the mean

Standard Deviation

a measure of how diverse or spread out are a set of measurements from their average

SCALAR

Quantities that do not need to be defined by a direction and are sufficiently described by magnitude.

Requires 2 things:

A value

Appropriate units

VECTOR

Quantities that are described by magnitude and direction.

Requires 3 things:

A value

Appropriate units

A direction

VECTOR DIAGRAM

A vector is represented on paper by an arrow

VECTOR ADDITION

the process of finding the single vector which will produce the same effect produced by the given vectors. The single vector is called Resultant (R).

TRIGONOMETRY

Is a field of study in mathematics which observes the relationships of the sides and angles of triangles.

Kinematics

Studies motion without delving into what caused the motion.

The science of describing the motion of objects using words,graphs numbers.

Motion

Change in position of an object with respect to a reference point

Reference frame

A physical entity to which the position and motion of an object is relative

Free Fall

motion caused only by gravity.

All objects fall at the same rate.

Works in a vacuum: area with no air

Ignores air resistance