Chemical Bonding Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts of chemical bonding, defining various types of bonds, their properties, and relevant theories.

What is a chemical bond?

A force of attraction between two atoms that holds them together in a molecule.

Types of Chemical Bond

Includes strong bonds (ionic, covalent, coordinate, metallic) and weak bonds (hydrogen, Van der Waals forces).

Ionic Bond

A bond formed through the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed via the sharing of electrons between two non-metals.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond that forms between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.

What is Levi's octet law?

Every element seeks to achieve a stable electronic configuration like noble gases, which are inert and do not readily react.

What is a coordinate bond?

A bond formed when one atom donates both electrons to the bond.

Types of Electronic Configuration

Includes inert gas configuration and pseudo-inert gas configuration where the element has 9 to 18 electrons in its valence shell.

What are hypervalent compounds?

Compounds where the central atom has more than 8 electrons in its valence shell after bonding.

What are odd electron species?

Species where an odd number of electrons are present around the central atom.

What is Fajan's Rule?

A rule that explains the covalent character in ionic compounds, based on the polarizing power of cations and the polarizability of anions.

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Includes being hard, brittle, non-directional, and having high melting points.

What is Bond Dissociation Energy?

The energy required to break a bond between two bonded atoms in a molecule.

What is the significance of hybridization?

Hybridization explains the geometry and bond angles of molecules based on the mixing of atomic orbitals.

Sigma Bond

A bond formed by the end-to-end overlap of orbitals, allowing for free rotation about the bond axis.

Pi Bond

A bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals, which restricts rotation.

Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)

A theory that describes the molecular orbitals in a molecule, formed by the combination of atomic orbitals.

What are bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals?

Bonding orbitals are lower in energy and stabilize the molecule, while antibonding orbitals are higher in energy and destabilize the molecule.