exam 2 prototypes simplified

bethanechol

urinary retention

bethanechol MOA

muscarinic agonist (psymp)

cholinergic effects stimulate bladder to contract

the cholinergic effects of behthanechol _ bladder contractions

stimulate

physostigmine

reverses anticholinergic toxicity

physostigmine MOA

increases ACh (inhibits its destruction)

• which restores cholinergic balance

physostigmine _ ACh

increases

atropine

bradycardia

antidote for anticholinesterase poisoning

atropine MOA

bcard: blocks ACh muscarinic receptors to induce fight or flight

atropine _ ACh muscarinic receptors

blocks

atropine induces what responses

sympathetic

phenylephrine

nasal decongestant

mydriasis

antihypotensive

phenylephrine

constricts small blood vessels in nasal muscoa

phenylephrine causes vaso_

constriction

phenylephrine

dilated pupils by stimulating alpha1 receptors

phenylephrine _ alpha1 receptors

stimulates

prazosin

antihypertensive

phenylephrine _ alpha1 receptors

blocks

phenylephrine causes vaso_

stimulation

lorazepam

insomnia, anxiety, alc withdrawal, pre-op sedation

lorazepam

enhances GABAs to produce calming effects for anxiety

lorazepam _ GABA

enhances

lorazepam

increases GABA, which is diminished in withdrawal

escitalopram

anxiety, depression

escitalopram is a

SSRI

escitalopram

increases levels of serotonin in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake

zolpidem

sedative-hypnotic (insomnia)

zolpidem

enhances GABA activity (promoting sedation)

sertraline is a

SSRI

sertraline

depression

sertraline

increases levels of serotonin for depression

imipramine is a

TCA

imipramine

depression, bedwetting

imipramine

inhibits the reuptake of NE and serotonin, increases their availability

imipramine

inhibits the action of ACh, relaxing the bladder muscles and reducing involuntary contractions

phenelzine

depression

phenelzine is a

MAOI

phenelzine

inhibits MAO, which breaks down serotonin, dopamine, and NE

methylphenidate

increases availability of dopamine and NE (inhibits their reuptake)

promotes activity in specific brain areas