Orthodontics

Sizes of braces

0.018 and 0.022; size of the slot that takes the wire

Tooth Numbering

Count from the middle; Centrals are 1s, wisdom teeth are 8s

Niti vs Stainless Steel Wires

Niti is nickel titanium and is super flexible, and always goes back to the same shape (usually start with niti wire); Stainless steel wire stays bent

Wire Sizes

Dimension of the wire; Ex. 16 by 22 means diameter is 0.016 and length is 0.022; Going up in size means going up in thickness

16, 14, Niti and SS Uses

Straightening the teeth; Doesn’t work on back and forth torques

16 × 22 or 16 × 22 Niti and SS Uses

Torque or back and forth movement

O Rings

Put the wire into the bracket

Power Chains

Usually used for closing spaces

OH

Oral hygiene

Bite Classification

Class 1 = Ideal bite/occlusion (canines go in between the lower canine and pre molar); Can have a class 1 canine but not a class 1 molar Class 2 = Big overjet; Class 3 = Underbite (lower teeth are ahead of the upper teeth)

Overbite

Top teeth overlap too much vertically

Overjet

Teeth stick out too much (horizontal thing)

Look of the head

Concave (generally class 3, lower teeth seem too far forward), Convex (looks like the lower teeth are too far back)

Numbering baby teeth

Still start from the center but it goes A, B, C, D, E, etc.

Crossbites

If top teeth are on the inside of the bottom teeth; Or in the back if the lower teeth are outside of the upper teeth (same thing)

TMJ

Temporomandibular joint

TMJ Clicking

Mandible clicks with the cartilage

TMJ Crepitus

Joint is worn down and the jaw and mandible are grinding on each other (WNL = within normal limits)

Pathological findings

Anything unusual (cyst, cancer, etc.)

Frenum

Pieces of tissue that connect from your lip to your teeth

Treatment Time

6-12 months, 12-18 months, 18-24 months, etc.

Straight Cutter

Do NOT use to cut wire; Used to cut power chains or steel ligature ties

Explorer

Take off the colors

Bird Beak Plier

Used to bend the wire

Band Pusher

Push the bands onto the teeth without the patient’s help

Bite Stick

Patient bites on the back portion as you push the band down

Band Remover

Plastic goes on the top of the tooth, and you squeeze to remove the bands (metallic bands that go around the tooth)

Primary Teeth

Usually have all of them by 2 or 3; 20 in total; We eventually lose them

Permanent Teeth

32 of them

Diphyodont

Having two successive sets of teeth

Homodont

Having/being teeth that are all of similar form (sharks)

Heterodont

Having teeth that are different

Incisors

Four teeth at the midline; Have flat edges; Bite food; 8 in total; Central incisor is closest to the midline, Lateral incisor is second from the midline

Canines (Cuspid, Fang Teeth)

Third tooth away from the midline; Sharp point/cusp; 4 total; Tear/rip food

Premolars (Bicuspids, incorrect)

2-3 cusps/points; 8 total; Tear, grind, and crush food; Premolar 4th from the midline is the first premolar; Premolar 5th from the midline is the second premolar

Molars

Farthest from the midline; 4-5 cusps/points; Grind and crush food; 1st molar is 6th from the midline; 2nd molar is 7th from the midline; 3rd molar is 8th from the midline (3rd molar = wisdom teeth)

Primary Teeth Types

Incisors (8), Canines (4), Molars (8)

Maxillary Teeth

Teeth in the upper jaw/maxilla (16 adult, 10 primary)

Mandibular Teeth

Teeth in the lower jaw (16 adult, 10 primary)

Anterior Teeth

In the front of the mouth; Incisors and canines

Posterior Teeth

In the back of the mouth; Premolars and molars

Universal Numbering System - Adult

Starting at the upper right molar with 1-16, then dropping down to the lower left molar with 17-32

Universal Numbering System - Primary Teeth

Start with A at upper right to J; Move down and start at K for bottom left until T

FDI - Adult

First number represents the quadrant (UR = 1 UL = 2 LL = 3 LR = 4); Second number indicates tooth’s position from the midline (1-8 starting from the midline)

FDI - Primary

UR = 5, UL = 6, LR = 8, LL = 7; 1-5 starting from the midline

Palmer Notation System

Right angle matching the angle drawn by a line across and vertically through quadrants; 1-8 starting at midline and A-E starting at midline