A&P Midterm

1

parathyroid gland

2

thyroid gland

3

thymus

4

adrenal cortex

5

adrenal medulla

6

testes

7

pineal gland

8

hypothalamus

9

pituitary gland

10

pancreas

11

ovaries

primary endocrine gland

only works with the endocrine system; not apart of another system in the body

• secretion of hormones

secondary endocrine gland

primary function other than the secretion of hormones

• pancreas (digestive system)

• skin

• kidney

Anterior Pituitary Gland (13)

secretes hormones

Posterior Pituitary Gland (15)

stores hormones

pineal gland

sleep-wake cycle

• primary endocrine gland

thyroid gland

storage of thyroid hormones

• primary endocrine gland

  • thyroxine (follicular)

  • calcitocin (parafollicular)

adrenal gland

primary endocrine gland

• adrenal cortex

  • zona glomerulosa

  • zona fasciculata

  • zona reticularis

• adrenal medulla

  • epinephrine secretion

  • adrenaline

pancreas

secretion

• secondary endocrine gland

granulocytes

HAVE granules

neutrophil

granulocyte

• 4 lobes

basophil

granulocyte

• 1-2 lobes

eosinpohil

granulocyte

• 1-2 lobes

• pinkish stain

agranulocytes

NO granules

lymphocyte

agranulocyte

• looks black under microscope

monocyte

agranulocyte

• white blood cells

Artery

oxygenated blood

• red

vein

non-oxygenated blood

• blue

location of heart

cardiac cavity

• sternum is anterior to heart

• heart is posterior to trachea and esophagus

pericardium layer

OUTSIDE the heart

• fibrous pericardium

• parietal and visceral layer of serous pericardium

endocardium

INSIDE the heart

• endocardium

• myocardium

• epicardium

ascending aorta

main blood supply to all parts of the body

descending aorta

supplies to lower extremity

• 3 blood vessels

left ventricle

forms apex of the heart (curved bottom)

• pumps blood to aorta

right ventricle

forms base of the heart

• pumps blood to pulmonary trunk

superior vena cava

takes oxygenated blood from upper limb to right atrium

inferior vena cava

takes oxygenated blood from lower limb to left atrium

auscultation

listening to the heart sound

S1

lub sound

• closure of AV valves

S2

dub sound

• closure of SV valves

Bicuspid Valve (mitral valve)

left atrium —> left ventricle

• Atrioventricular Valve (AV)

Tricuspid Valve

right atrium —> right ventricle

• Atrioventricular Valve (AV)

Aortic Valve

left ventricle —> aorta

• semilumar valve (SV)

Pulmonary Valve

right ventricle —> pulmonary artery

• semilumar valve (SV)

pulse

contraction of blood vessels at various points

cartoid artery

neck artery

radial and ulnar artery

wrist artery

brachial artery

upper limb artery

temporal artery

head artery

popliteal artery

..

bradycardia

slow heart rate

• lower than 60 bpm

tachycardia

fast heart rate

• higher than 100 bpm

2 hormones produced by pancreas

• insulin

• glucogen

what is the clinical term for low red blood cell count and elevated white blood cell count

• Leukocytosis = high white blood cell count

• Anemia = low red blood cell count

Which gland is responsible for melatonin secretion?

pineal gland

what blood type is Ben? Marissa?

• ben: O+

• marissa: A-

what hormone does the pineal gland produce?

melatonin

what hormone does the small intestine produce?

cholecystokinin (CCK)

what hormone does the testes produce?

testosterone

what hormone does the hypothalamus produce?

vasopressin

what hormone does the stomach produce?

ghrelin

what hormone does the ovaries produce?

progesterone

what hormone is responsible for excessive growth? where is is located?

• growth hormone

• anterior pituitary gland

two hormones involved in glucose metabolism

• glucagon

• insulin

what hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

• oxytocin

• antidiuretic hormone

After extensive exercise, a diabetic is feeling dizzy, sweating, shaky, and tired. What is this called? What could this person do to improve the situation?

• Hypoglycemia- too little blood sugar

• Have the person consume food or drink containing glucose

normoglycemic

having normal blood sugar levels

hyperglycemia

• too much blood sugar

• headaches

• blurred vision

• to fix: insulin and regular exercise

3 major branches of the aorta above the diaphragm

• brachiocephalic trunk

• left common cartoid artery

• left subclavian artery

name the heart sound in region A

dupp (S2)

name the heart sound in region B

dupp (S2)

name the heart sound in region C

lub (S1)

name the heart sound in region D

lub (S1)

identify vessel C and D

• C: artery

• D: vein

name 2 differences between C and D

1. arteries have thicker tunica media

2. high pressure system

5 places where pulse can be found in the body

• radial artery

• ulnar artery

• carotid artery

• temporal artery

• brachial artery

what is the range of a normal heart rate in a human?

60-100 bpm

bone marrow suppression/immunosuppresive therapy

• causes anemia

• fewer blood cells are made in the bone marrow

phlebotomy

• puncturing a vein

• for the purpose of drawing blood

what region is A

aortic valve

what region is P

pulmonary valve

what region is T

tricuspid valve

what region is M

bicuspid valve

identify A and B

• A: thyroid gland

• B: parathyroid hormone

what hormones are secreted by A

thyroid hormone

what is the function of the hormone secreted by B

calcium regulation/homeostasis

what blood cells are these?

neutrophil

what blood cells are these?

lymphocyte

what blood cells are these?

monocyte

what are the abundant cells?

normal red blood cells

name 1 major abnormal cell

sickled red blood cell

primary endocrine organs (4)

1. adrenal

2. pituitary

3. thyroid

4. parathyroid

secondary endocrine organs (7)

1. pancreas

2. skin

3. testes

4. kidney

5. hypothalamus

6. pineal

7. stomach