Iliad- Key Info

Iliad

Key events of book 5

• introduced to Diomedes

• Athena lets Diomedes see the gods and lightens his limbs

• Diomedes aristeia- begins kills lots of Trojans

• Aeneas and Pandarus make a plan to work together with their chariot to defeat Diomedes

• Pandarus confronts Diomedes and Diomedes kills him

• Aphrodite goes down to protect Aeneas and Diomedes injures her

• Aphrodite goes to her mother Dione, who heals and comforts her

• Diomedes tries to attack Apollo, but is warned to stop

• Ares joins the Trojans and gives a speech to them to help

who is Diomedes’ father

Tydeus

what is Pandarus’ weapon

bow and arrows

who is Diomedes charioteer

Sthenelus

what does Pandarus do after shooting at Diomedes

believes that he has he has defeated him, gets cocky and boasts to the Trojans around him

who does Diomedes pray to and asking for help to defeat Pandarus

Athena

what does Athena do in response to Diomedes prayer

she lightens his limbs, making him be able to fight faster and be stronger, and removes the mist from his eyes meaning that he can see the gods on the battlefield

what advice does Athena give Diomedes with his new strength

to attack only Aphrodite and no other gods as they are too dangerous

what happens to Diomedes after receiving this strength from Athena

he has an aristeia, killing lots of Trojans

what is an aristeia

a killing spree

who does Diomedes kill in his aristeia

• Astynous

• General Hyperion

• Abad

• Polyidus

• Xanthus

• Thoon

• two Trojan princes "(Ehemmon and Chromius)

what does Aeneas do in response to seeing Diomedes aristeia

goes to find Pandarus to help him defeat Diomedes

what did Pandarus’ father tell him before going to war

to bring horses and a chariot

did Pandarus listen to this advice

no

does Pandarus wish he listened to his fathers advice

yes

what does Pandarus say he will do to his bow after war and why

he wants to burn his bow because he is not killing anyone at the moment

what is Aeneas and Pandarus’ plan to defeat Diomedes

to work together, riding a chariot and fight Diomedes, but if he gets the upper hand they’ll get back into the chariot and retreat

which of Aeneas or Pandarus will drive the chariot and which will fight

Pandarus offers to fight and Aeneas will drive the chariot

what does Sthenelus do when he sees Pandarus and Diomedes coming

he warns Diomedes and asks him to run away as he doesn’t want to see him die

what does Diomedes respond to Sthenelus’ request

he wants to fight them on foot for Athena as he is not a coward

what does Diomedes order Sthenelus to do if he kills Aeneas and Pandarus

to leave their own horses behind and take Aeneas’ ones

why are Aeneas’ horses special

• they are heavenly horses gifted by Zeus to the first king of Troy, Tros in return for taking his son Ganymede up to the heavens

• Anchises stole some from Laomedon, made them and 6 of his mares mate

• Anchises kept four of the horses and gave two of them to Aeneas

who is Aeneas’ father

Anchises

who is Aeneas’ mother

Aphrodite

what weapon does Pandarus use in his confrontation with Diomedes

a spear

how does Diomedes kill Pandarus

with his spear

what part of Pandarus’ body does Diomedes’ spear go through

his face

what god guides his spear

Athena

what is it called when a god guides or helps a mortal in battle or life

allegory

what does Aeneas do after the death of Pandarus

gets off his chariot to try and retrieve his body

how does Diomedes try to attack Aeneas

strikes Aeneas with an extremely heavy rock on his hip

who protects Aeneas from Diomedes

Aphrodite

who does Sthenelus give Diomedes horses to when going to get Aeneas’

Deipylus- a close friend of his

where does Diomedes hit Aphrodite

wrist and tears her robe from the Graces

who protects Aeneas after Aphrodite is wounded

Apollo

what does Aphrodite do after being injured

leaves the battlefield

who takes Aphrodite off of the battlefield

Iris

who does Aphrodite go to after being injured and what does she ask for

Ares and asks for his horses and chariot to go up to Olympus

who does Aphrodite then go to in Olympus

her mother Dione

what does Dione do for Aphrodite

• heals her

• tells her lots of other gods have been injured by mortals before

• gives prophecy that Diomedes won’t ever return home to his family again now

what joke does Athena make about Aphrodite’s wound

makes fun of how much of a big deal she is making of it and that she probably scratched herself on her brooch

what advice does Zeus give to Aphrodite after her wound

to not get involved in battle

how many times does Diomedes try to attack Apollo

3

what does Apollo warn Diomedes after he tries to attack him for the fourth time

that Diomedes should not think of himself as equal to the gods and to stop

where does Apollo take Aeneas to

his temple on Pergamus

what gods help Aeneas at this temple

Artemis and Leto

what does Apollo make for the Greeks

an eidolon of Aeneas to fight over

who does Apollo call to to try and defeat Diomedes

Ares

who does Ares mask himself as on the battlefield

Acamus

what happens in book 6

• Glaucus and Diomedes go to fight but realise their ancestors have guest friendship so don’t

• Hector returns to Troy and sees his mother, who tries to get him drunk

• Hector tells his mother to gather the women and to give an offering to Athena

• Hector goes to Paris, asking why he is not fighting and telling him to fight

• meets Helen, who says she wants a better husband and blames herself for war and flirts with Hector

• Hector goes and finds Andromache, who he hugs- Andromache asks him not to fight

• Hector gives his son a hug and tells them not to worry and then goes

• Hector meets with Paris and they go to fight

who is Glaucus’ father

Hoppolochus

what does Diomedes ask Glaucus when first meeting him

if he is a god as he doesn’t want to fight another god

what story does Diomedes tell to teach to not fight the gods

of Lycurgus, who chased nymphs who nursed Dionysus and killed them, which angered Zeus, who then blinded him

what epic simile does Glaucus say and what does it mean

epic simile of leaves falling, which shows that lineage doesn’t matter as they are only one leaf of many

where did Sisyphus live

Ephyre in Argos

who is Sisyphus’ father

Aeolus

what was the name of Sisyphus’ son

Glaucus

what is the name of Glaucus’ son

Bellerophon

who asked to sleep with Bellerophon

King Proetus’ wife Anteia

what lie did Anteia tell the king about Bellerophon

that he tried to sleep with her and so should be punished

where did King Proetus send Bellerophon and with what

to Lycia with a tablet with symbols of death to give to the king there

how long did the new king welcome Bellerophon for

9 days

what did the king order Bellerophon to do upon reading the tablet

to kill the chimaera (lions head, goats body, serpents tail) which he then did

who did Bellerophon fight after this ordered by the king

• Solymi

• Amazons

• ambush- didn’t work and Bellerophon killed them all

what did the Lycians see Bellerophon as after these acts and what did they give him

saw him as honourable and gave him land

who were Bellerophon’s children

• Isander

• Hippolochus

• Laodameia

who was Laodameia’s child and with whom

Sarpedon, fathered by Zeus

what did Ares to to Isander and why

killed him as Bellerophon began to be hated by the gods

why did Diomedes truce with Glaucus

because their grandfather’s had xenia- Bellerophon once entertained Diomedes’ grandfather

what is the name of Diomedes’ grandfather

Oeneus

what is xenia

guest friendship

what was Oeneus’ gift to Bellerophon

a scarlet belt

what was Bellerophon’s gift to Oeneus

two-handled gold cup

what did Diomedes and Glaucus exchange

their armour

why was this exchange a bad deal

Glaucus exchanged his gold armour for Diomedes bronze armour, so is degrading

what happens to Hector immediately when entering Troy

all of the women surround him asking about their families

what does Hecabe ask Hector to do when first seeing him

• pray to Zeus

• drink some wine and poor a glass as libation to him

why can Hector not give this sacrifice

he is dirty and wants to keep his wits and courage- cannot be drunk and win

what does Hector tell Hecabe to do instead

gather all the women to take offerings to Athena

what offerings does Hector tell his mother to give to Athena

• their nicest robe

• 12 heifers

which priestess of Athena made this sacrifice

Theano

what is Paris doing when Hector finds him

playing around with his shield, cuirass and bow

why does Hector tell Paris off and what does he say

says that Paris is a coward as he sits in his rooms while people are out on the battlefield dying for him when he was the cause of the war in the first place

why has Paris not fought

because he is sad

what does Helen blame herself for and wish she had done

blames herself for starting the war and wishes she had died as a child so the war wouldn’t have had to happen

what does Helen ask Hector to do

to sit with her; flirting

why was Andromache not at their house and where was she

she was at the battlements as she had found out the Greeks had won a victory and wanted to see if she could see Hector and if he was okay

who is Andromache’s father

Eetion

where is Andromache’s father from and who did he rule

from Thebe and ruled the Cilicians

what is Andromache and Hector’s sons name and given name

real name Scamandrius, given name Astyanax

what does the name Astyanax mean

lord of the city

why does Andromache ask Hector not to fight

• she doesn’t want him to die and for her to be a widow

• she has no other family so losing him is losing everything she has

• doesn’t want to go into slavery

who killed Andromache’s father and when

Achilles killed him when he sacked her city

what happened to Eetion after his death

mountain nymphs, daughters of Zeus, made a mound above him and planted elm trees

how many brothers did Andromache have and who killed them

7, all killed by Achilles

what happened to Andromache’s mother

• was taken as a slave

• then released for ransom

• then died of disease

what strategic advice did Andromache give Hector

to station his men above the fig tree by the wall, as this is where the wall could easily be scaled and many other Greeks have tested the wall there already

why does Hector have to leave his family and go to fight

• is not a coward and does not want shame

• wants to bring glory to his family

• it is his duty to fight

what is Hector scared will happen to Andromache

• dragged away by the Greeks and enslaved by them

• taken to Argos to work at a loom, bear water from spring etc

why does Astyanax cry when his father goes to hug him

Hector is wearing his helmet, which appears scary