Chapter 7-8 mini quiz

Biomes and aquadic biomes

Biome

A grouping of ecosystems with similar abiotic and biotic conditions.

Climate

Average conditions, temperature and precipitation over long periods of time in a given area.

Weather

The day-to-day conditions in earths atmosphere, such as "hot and humid" or "cold and snowy"

Climatograph

A diagram that shows an area's average temperature and precipitation.

Net primary production

An organic matter, or biomass, that remains after cellular respiration.

What is similar about the ecosystems that make up a biome?

They share similar climates and organisms (abiotic and biotic conditions)

What biomes are found in Southern Africa?

Desert, savanna, and chaparral.

Identify and describe one of the ecosystems in a Southern Africa biome.

Chaparral biome. Succulent thicket ecosystem is characterized by grasses and short, fleshy plants.

Which abiotic conditions exert the greatest influence on biome classification?

Temperature and rainfall.

How are climatographs helpful in understanding biomes?

They show the temperature and precipitation in a biome over time.

What is the relationship between latitude and biomes located across earth?

Same types of biomes tend to occur at similar latitudes on earth.

Explain how natural selection is important to biomes an organisms.

Results and survival and reproduction of organisms best suited for their current environment.

Why do different biomes have different characteristic organisms?

Each biome has its particular set of environmental conditions.

What can cause variation - for example, species composition - among plant and animal communities within biomes?

Local differences, (example: soil types, elevation, and when exposure.)

What does net primary production referred to?

Biomass that remains after cellular respiration.

Why are gross primary production and net primary production not the same value?

Because primary producers use a portion of gross primary production to carry out their own life functions.

What limits the net primary production in aquatic ecosystems such as lakes and streams?

Available sunlight and nutrients.

Ecosystem

All living things and their physical environments within a particular area.

Earths major biomes

Tropical rain forest, dry forest Savannah, desert, temperate rainforest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, Chapparel, boreal forest (taiga), tundra.

Gross primary production

Rate at which primary producers undergo photosynthesis.

Canopy

Dense covering of trees 5280 m above the ground in a rain forest

Emergent layer

The few tall trees that extend above the canopy In a rain forest

Understory

The shorter trees and plants found in a tropical rain forest

Epiphyte

A plant that grows on other plants instead of in soil

Deciduous

A tree that loses its leaves and stops photosynthesis during part of the year

Estivation

Deep sleep like state that an animal and enters when conditions are dry

Coniferous

A tree bearing cones that typically does not lose its leaves

Hibernation

The deep sleep like skate an animal enters for most of the winter

Permafrost

Permanently frozen soil

How are biomes characterized?

By their climates, typical plant life, and animal life.

What are earths major biomes?

Tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, savanna, desert, temperate rain forest, temperate forest, temperate grassland, chaparral, boreal forest, tundra

Tropical rain forest

Found in Central America, South America, Southeast Asia, West Africa, etc. located close to equator. Characterized by year round warm temperatures. Receive more rain than any other biome. Nearly All nutrients present in this biome are contained in trees vines and other plants-not in the soil. Contains canopy, emergent layer, and understory. Nutrients and light are in short supply. Supports more animal species than any other biomes.

Tropical dry forest

Warm year-round. Located in India, southern north America, Central America, South America, and south east Asia. Wet and dry seasons. Precipitation can be extremely heavy during wet season. Most trees are deciduous. Used for agriculture

Savanna

Less rain than tropical rain forest more rain than deserts. Also known as tropical grass lands. Frequent fires and strong winds discourage much tree growth. Located in Africa, South America, Australia, India, etc. Water drains quickly making it difficult for organisms to find water during dry season. Plants are deciduous.

Desert

Driest biome on earth. Air is dry. Sunlight heats up dry air in daytime but heat is quickly lost at night. Not so much plant life. Soil contains very little organic matter. Animals and plants have many adaptations that enable them to survive.

Temperate rain forest

Heavy rainfall. Moderate temperatures. Occurs in pacific northwest coast of the United States. Small bits can be found in South America and Asia. Contains evergreen trees. Most trees are coniferous. Forced interior tends to be shady and damp these are perfect conditions for Moss.

Temperate forest

Located in Europe, eastern Asia, and the eastern United States. Contains deciduous trees. Precipitation is spread evenly throughout year. Hot in summer. Cold in winter. Animals have a variety of adaptations. Birds migrate to warmer areas until winter passes. Animals hibernate.

Temperate grassland

Also called prairies occurs in areas with moderate seasonal precipitation but not enough precipitation to support large trees. Temperatures tend to be more extreme than temperate forest. Periodic fires in drawls are common. Cover most of the central and Midwestern United States. Used for agriculture. Rich fertile soil.

Chaparral

Conditions are highly seasonal, mild wet winters, and warm dry summers. Common near oceans and found around Mediterranean sea in Europe and Africa. Also located along coast of California, Chile, Southern Australia, and southern Africa. Soil often send not rich in nutrients. Periods of drought. Experience frequent fires. Hot temperatures and dry conditions.

Borreal forest

Also known as Taiga. Located in Canada, Alaska, Russia and Scandinavia. Cool dry regions. Long cold winter's and short cool summers. Soil is poor and nutrients and somewhat acidic. Species diverse city is low. Consists of a few species of coniferous trees. Moderate precipitation.

Tundra

Nearly as dry as a desert. High altitudes along northern edges of Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia. Extremely cold dark winters and moderately cool bright summers. In winter, Days are short temperatures very cold. During summer, days are long and temperatures relatively mild. Harsh winds, nutrient poor soil's, freezing temperatures limit plant growth. Supports no tall trees. See dispersal happens by wind. underground soil remains frozen year round.

Polar ice

Colder than tundra. The ground is ice. No land beneath ice. Not considered a biome. Most of life does not Live on land but in water. Very few plants. Culvers north and south poles of earth.

Salinity

Measurement of the amount of salts dissolved in water

Photic zone

Uppermost layer of an aquatic ecosystem, where there is enough sunlight for photosynthesis to occur

Aphotic Zone

Layer below the photic zone in an aquatic ecosystem no sunlight penetrates so photosynthesis cannot occur

Benthic zone

Bottom layer of an aquatic ecosystem

Littoral zone

Shallow nearshore portion of the photic zone

Limnetic zone

Portion of the photic zone that is farther from shorter than the Littoral zone no rooted plants are found in this zone

Wetland

Area of land that is flooded with water at least sometime during the year

Flood plain

Area alongside a river that periodically floods

Estuary

Body of water, partly enclosed by land, that occurs or freshwater meets the water of the ocean or in land sea

Upwelling

Flow of cold, nutrient rich water toward the surface of the ocean

How are aquatic ecosystems classified?

Salinity, depth, whether water is flowing or standing

Brackish

Aquatic ecosystems with salinity between 0.5 and 30 parts per thousand

Aquatic layers

Photic zone, aphorism zone, Benthic zone

Inland seas

Large lakes

Four types of freshwater wetlands

Marshes, swamps, Bogs, and fens

Bogs

Characterized by low nutrients, exit a quarte characterized by low nutrients, acidic water, and mats of vegetation usually type of moss. Form by secondary succession.

Fens

Similar to Bogs, but are connected to a source of groundwater. Less acidic and more nutrient rich ecosystems

Swamp

Shallow water rich and vegetation. Typified by trees.

Freshwater marshes

Shallow water wetlands typified by told, grass like plants. The shallow water allows plants to grow above the wated surface.

Watershed

Area of land drained by the river and all of its tributaries.

Trubutary

Smaller River flowing into a larger one

Meanders

Water flows slowly, it creates a wide curvy path

oxbow lake

A band that water the road a shortcut from one end to the other. The band is cut off and remains as an isolated U-shaped water body

The oceans zones

Intertidal, neritic, and open ocean.

Intertidal ecosystems

Where ocean meets land. Home to a diverse city of organisms. Nutrient content is general really high, sunlight fuels a variety of primary producers.

Neritic ecosystems

Entirely suddenly, enabling great productivity. Extends out from the low tide mark to the edge of the continental shelf.

Open ocean ecosystems

Begins at the edge of the continental shelf. Contains majority of earths ocean water - over 90%. Least productive. Dark and in capable of productivity by photosynthesis. Not enough nutrients.