Lab- Skeletal System

Axial skeleton

Bones in the head, neck, and torso.

Appendicular skeleton

The upper and lower limb bones and the girdles that hold the limbs in place.

Skull

Contains 8 cranial bones and fourteen facial bones. The cranial bones surround the cranial cavity and protect the brain inside it. Facial bones create the skeletal architecture of the face.

hyoid bone

not a part of the skull but is associated with it. Single, u-shaped, posterior ad inferior to the mandible. Attaches to the bones of the skull via muscles and ligaments and is only seen on the COMPLETE SKELTONS and HALF-HEAD Model.

vertebral column

consists of up to 33 vertebrae and is divided into 5 regions on the basis of structural and functional differences among the vertebrae.

vertebrae

up to 33 small bones that make up your backbone

Ribs

The 12 pairs of bone in the chest that protect the heart and lungs. Attached to the thoracic vertebrae.

sternum

commonly known as the breastbone. Costal cartilage attach the first 10 pairs of ribs to the sternum.

Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

Clavicle

collar bone

scapula

shoulder blade

humerus

upper arm bone

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

ulna

Inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.

carpal

each wrist is composed of eight of these.

metacarpals

bones in the palm of the hand and the base of the thumb

phalanges

bones of the fingers. The first digit (thumb) has two phalanges, the others have 3 each totaling 14.

hip bone

the pelvic girdle consists of two of these. The pelvic girlde holds the lower limbs in place.

femur

single bone of the thigh.

patella

"kneecap" helps the patellar ligament in the knee joint move more smoothly.

tibia

medial positioned and larger bone of the lower leg (under knee cap)

fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

tarsals

bones that help form the ankle and proximal foot are the 7 tarsals. (analogous to the carpals of upper limb)

metatarsals

Each foot has 5 of these.

Phalanges of the foot

bones of the toes. The first digit (large toe) has 2 the others have 3 totaling 14.

The frontal bone

forms the forehead, the anterior roof of the skull, and the superior walls of the orbits.

The parietal bone

Posterior to the frontal bone are the left and right ___ bones. Form the superior sides of the cranium.

coronal suture

The frontal and parietal bones are connected by a fibrous joint called the ____ ______

sagital suture

connects the two parietal bones

lamboid suture

connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.

occipital bone

located posteriorly and inferiorly

temporal bones

The inferior sides of the cranial vault are formed by the left and right ___ ____. join the parietal bones via a squamosal suture.

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium. help form the cranium

sphenoid

wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. help form the cranium

maxillae (maxillary bone)

The upper jaw and most of the hard palate. Both left and right.

palatine

The posterior third of the hard palate is formed by left and right ____ ____.

zygomatic bones

connecting with the lateral sides of the maxillae are the left and right ____.

nasal bones

The bridge of the nose is formed from left and right ____ ___.

lacrimal bones

Small portion of the medial wall of the orbitals is formed by the left and right ___ _____.

vomer

within the nasal cavity, forms the inferior part of the nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into left and right halves.

inferior nasal conchae

On the lateral sides of the nasal cavity are two small curled bones called _____.

mandible

forms the lower jaw.