IB SL History (2016) - Apartheid

Grand Apartheid

The overall policy to keep whites and non-whites separate

Petty Apartheid

The day-to-day restrictions such as separate facilities

Election of the National Party (1948)

Complacent United Party loses to nationalist Boers

Durban Riots(1949)

Africans riot against Indian stores due to perceived discrimination

Verwoerd becomes head of Department Of Native Affairs (1950)

Department of Native Affairs begins to implement petty apartheid further

Population Registration Act (1950)

Everyone was registered with an identity card according to their racial group

Prohibition of mixed marriages (1949) and Immorality act (1950)

Marriage and Sexual relations between races banned

Group Areas Act (1950)

Forced removal of millions of Africans to make space for white settlers

May Stayaway (1950)

General strike by anti Apartheid groups to oppose legislation

Day of Protest (1950)

Protest by anti apartheid groups against banning orders which were used to restrict the movement of resistance leaders

Bantu Authorities Act (1951)

Africans can only live in areas designated as “Homelands“ by the Nationalist Party Government

Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)

The government removed Coloured People’s right to vote even though it was guaranteed by the 1910 constitution which led to a constitutional crisis

Native Laws Amendment Act (1952)

Made it illegal to not carry a pass book and restricted where Africans could live and be

Defiance Campaign (1952-1953)

Non violent multi stage mass action protest which planned to overwhelm the prisons

Public Safety Act and Criminal Law Amendment (1953)

• Allows the Government to call a 12 month state of emergency with unlimited extensions

• Anyone accompanying someone who’d committed a crime was presumed guilty until proven innocent

Resistane from ANC and Transvaal Indian congress to forced removals (1953)

Bantu Education Act (1953)

• control of African education given from department of education to department of native affairs

• Removed state subsidies from missionary schools which aimed to educate black people

Freedom Charter (1955)

Volunteers went around the country gathering ideas about what people wanted. And created a document of the people’s wishes for South Africa

Black Sash Protests (1955-1990s)

‘Radical‘ White women’s group protesting against Apartheid Legislature

Women’s Pass Protest (1956)

Women of multiple races in Pretoria protest the pass laws imposed against black women

Treason Trial (1956)

Authorities arrest 156 Apartheid activists in an attempt to charge them with high treason

Trials lasted until 1957 when the last defendant was acquitted

Alexandra Bus Boycott (1957)

Large protest due to an increase in the price of the bus fare leading to it being reduced

Extension of Universities Act (1959)

Banned English language universities from accepting African students

new segregated colleges opened up for coloured Indian and Zulu students

Sharpeville (1960)

Overcrowded township in the Transvaal with high unemployment

PAC started a campaign due to the bad conditions

Sharpeville massacre (1960)

a crowd gathered outside the Sharpeville police station to protest passes and after a misunderstanding police opened fire. 69 demonstrators killed and 200 injured

South Africa Leaves the Commonwealth (1960)

White south africans vote by 52% for a republic

Rivonia Trial

Mandela imprisoned for life with a treason charge after incriminating documents relating to mK were found