Women's Health Exam

What hormone is responsible for ovulation

Luteinizing hormone

What hormone inhibits FSH secretion and what cells secrete it

Inhibin secreted by the granulosa cells

What cells produce FSH

Gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary

Folliculogenesis

The process of follicle development that begins at puberty

Preantral stage: 290 days, development of primordial follicle to late secondary follicle

Antral stage: 65 days, antral follicle to mature follicle, regulated by FSH and LH

What cells secrete HCG

Syncytiotrophoblasts

What helps with expulsion of the fetus

Contractions and cervical dilation

What stage of human development does implantation occur

Pre-embryonic stage around day 7

Where is relaxin produced

Corpus luteum and placenta

What gland is responsible for lubrication during sex

Greater vestibular glands

What is the source of estrogen and progesterone during the last 7 months of pregnancy

Placenta

Gonadotropins are produced by what part of the brain

Hypothalamus

What do gonadotropins do

Stimulate anterior pituitary

What is corpus luteum and what hormones produce it

Remnants of the follicle, produced by estrogen and progesterone

Difference between prolactin and oxytocin

Prolactin: milk production

Oxytocin: milk ejection

What does tunica albungia consist of

Dense CT capsule deep to germinal epithelium

What is progesterone’s significance along the uterus

Prepares and maintains the uterus for potential implantation

Menarche

First menstrual cycle

Precocious puberty

Signs of puberty much earlier than normal due to brain injury, pituitary/gonad tumor

What hormone is the basis of pregnancy diagnosis

Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

What tissues are the target of prolactin

Mammary glands (acini proliferation/branching of lactiferous ducts)

What is the most significant cause of hemorrhoids during pregnancy

Compression of the abdominal blood vessels by the fetus

What are the secretory units that produce milk

Mammary glands

What is the normal function of the uterine tubes

transport ovulated oocytes to uterus

Femur is derived from

mesoderm

True labor

uterine contractions that increase in intensity and regularity, resulting in changes to the cervix, hypothalamus starts to secrete oxytocin

What day does implantation occur

Day 7-9

Where does neurulation occur

ectoderm

Gastrulation results from the formation of

the primitive streak (thin depression on surface of the epiblast)

Implantation

Blastocyst enters lumen of uterus by end of first week, zona pellucida around the blastocyst breaks down, blastocyst burrows into the endometrium

Structures that sperm penetrates during fertilization

Corona radiata and zona pellucida

External Os

Inferior opening of the cervix into the vagina, covered by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, has a mucus plug

What is the function of the uterus

Implantation site for pre-embryo, supports, protects, nourishes developing embryo, ejects fetus at birth, contracts and sheds lining if oocyte is not fertilized, receives blood from uterine arteries

What are the different structures of the uterus

Fundus: superior region between attachments of uterine tubes

Body: middle region

Isthmus: narrow constricted inferior region

Cervix: inferior most part, projects into vagina

What type of oocyte is found in a female infant

oogonia (primary oocyte)

How do the external and internal genitalia develop

Internal: degeneration of mesonephric ducts, development of paramesonephric ducts (8-20), caudal ends fusing, urogenital sinus

External: Urogenital folds, genital tubercle, labioscrotal swellings, later structures (week 12-20)

What hormone is secreted by the placenta to cause darkening of the linea alba

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

During labor, what kind of feedback loop is happening

positive

What structure are nutrients and wastes exchanged between mother and fetus

placenta

What hormones are involved in labor

Estrogen and oxytocin

What changes occur during pregnancy in the respiratory system

Expanding uterus prevents diaphragm from fully descending and lungs from fully expanding, causing dyspnea and epistaxis

progesterone increases brainstem sensitivity to CO2, lowers blood CO2 levels, facilitates diffusion of gases across the placenta

What happens during pregnancy that stops ovarian follicle development

High levels of estrogen and progesterone suppress FSH and LH secretion

What are the fingerlike structures of the placenta

Chorionic villi

What structure is an important site for early blood cell formation

Yolk sac

What is the thin membrane that secretes fluid to bathe the embryo

Amnion

What layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation

Functional layer

What is the anterior border of the perineum

Pubic symphysis

What is the most primitive type of ovarian follicle

Primordial follicle

What type of follicle contains an oocyte

Secondary follicle