LESSON 1: Stages of Human Development

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud

Who made the Psychosexual Theory?

Erik Erikson

Who made the Psychosocial Theory

Jean Piaget

Who made the Cognitive Development Theory

Lawrence Kohlberg

Who made the Moral Development Theory

Development

progressive series of changes that occur in a predictable pattern as the result of interactions between biological and environmental factors

Psychosexual Theory

erogenous zones, fixation, aloscence - puberty stage

Sigmund Freud

the only person with whom you have to compare yourself is you in the past

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Latency

Genital

Stages of Psychosexual Theory

Psychosocial Theory

identity confusion/diffusion, good role models, sense of stability

Trust vs Mistrust

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Initiative vs Guilt

Industry vs Inferiority

Identity vs Identity diffusion

Intimacy vs Isolation

Generativity vs Stagnation

Ego Integrity vs Despair

Stages of Psychosocial Theory

Cognitive Development Theory

the process of acquiring and refining intellectual skills

Sensory Motor Stage

Pre-operational stage

Concrete Operational Stage

Formal Operational Stage

Stages of Cognitive Development Theory

Obedience and Punishment

Self-interest

Interpersonal Accord and Conformity

Authority and Maintaining Social Order

Social Contract

Universal Ethical Principles

Stages of Moral Development Theory

Oral

pleasure through mouth ; fixation can lead to overeating, smoking, drinking, nail-biting, gossiping, and cursing

Anal

anal pleasure to release tension through the anus ; fixation can lead to being obsessive with cleanliness or hating mess child may become a perfectionist

Phallic

pleasure through genitals ; the child starts to recognize what it means to be a boy or girl with their physical differences ; conflicts arise due to greater emotional attachment to one parent over another

Latency

resolving fixations or conflicts in previous stages ; the child develops closeness with parents if conflicts are resolved, and builds social ties

Genital

sex role identity formation ; called puberty stage, this is the period of adolescence

 Sensory Motor Stage

child learns through sensory experiences ; knowledge is based on the senses, and the child responds to people and things through reflex movements like sucking or grasping

Pre-operational stage

the child’s way of thinking is toward himself/herself ; child continues to develop using mental images and begins to use symbols to represent what he/she knows significantly through language

Concrete Operational Stage

child begins to be more logical and able to perform simple operations, begin to understand classifications, and can understand reversibility

Formal Operational Stage

at this point, he/she is no longer just dependent on concrete perceptual experiences in the present ; he/she is able to analyze problems, and consider different ways of solving it in a systematic way

Moral Development Theory

focuses on the thinking process that occurs when one decides whether a behaviour is right or wrong

Obedience and Punishment

deciding what is right or wrong is based on what action is punished

Self-interest

deciding what is right or wrong is based on what is rewarded

Interpersonal Accord and Conformity

deciding what is right or wrong is based on what others approve or disapprove of

Authority and Maintaining Social Order

deciding what is right or wrong is based on the rules that should be followed

Social Contract

deciding what is right or wrong is based on laws

Universal Ethical Principles

deciding what is right or wrong is based on universal principles

Equilibrium

the state of balance

Instinct

Freud’s theory has considered this as the main source of life energy

Erogenous Zones

are pleasure areas in the human body that are sensitive to stimulation

Cognitive

in this development, education plays an important element or role

Law and Order

is the ability to distinguish right from wrong and to behave accordingly by following the rules

Fixation

is characterized by attachment to a particular object or activity that may affect development

Human Development

it is a progressive series of changes that occur in a predictable pattern according to Neil J. Salkind

Conflict

an individual needs to overcome for them to successfully move to the next stage known as this

Erik Erikson

he expanded the theory of Freud from 5 to 8 naming it psychosocial