Nucleic Acid/DNA/RNA Test

Storing information

Copying information

Transmitting information

DNA’s roles

Deoxyribose

DNA sugar

A → T

C → G

Base Pairing Role

Double helix

Shape of DNA

The nucleus on the chromosomes

DNA’s location

Nucleotides

Building blocks of DNA

Sugar(Deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogen bases

The parts of DNA nucleotides

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

The 4 Nitrogen Bases(DNA)

Codon

Group of three nucleotides base, in mRNA that tells you what amino acid needs to be made

DNA replication

Helicase enzyme unzips and unwinds the double helix
The enzyme polymerase then makes the complementary bases

Genes

The genetic factors located on the chromosomes that gives the code for a protein

They copy the DNA and move the information out of the nucleus to make proteins

RNA roles

Ribose

RNA sugar

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine

What are the RNA bases?

The bases Uracil replaces Thymine

How are RNA and DNA’s nitrogen bases different?

Single-stranded

Structure of RNA

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes

RNA’s Location

Sugar (ribose), phosphate, and nitrogen bases

The parts of

RNA nucleotides

Transcription

The DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus. The DNA unzips in the nucleus and RNA reads the code. Then mRNA takes the code to the cytoplasm to make proteins

Translation

The code moves to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. The code is read in the ribosome by the tRNA to form amino acids to build proteins.

Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins

Proteins

A organic compound that functions are, movement, structure, storage, defense, transport

Protein Synthesis

It's the process that makes proteins through DNA and RNA. The mRNA first transcribes a code from the DNA. Then the tRNA figures out what amino acid that needs to be made to make proteins

mRNA

Takes the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes
This information has the instructions to assemble amino acid that make proteins

rRNA

This RNA and proteins make up the structure of ribosomes

tRNA

This RNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes directed by messages from the mRNA

Mutagen

Certain chemical and radiation that damages DNA

Deletion Frameshift Mutation

Deletion of nucleotide

Insertion Frameshift Mutation

Addition of nucleotide

Point Mutation

The change in one base in the three letter code so it codes the wrong amino acids