BMS 508 Final Practical

male pelvis

female pelvis

stomach enzyme that digests protein

pepsin

locally constricting to move food and mix it

segmentation

dark blue

adrenal medulla

green

capsule

yellow

zona glomerulosa

purple

zona fasciculata

light blue

zona reticularis

dark blue

pineal gland

light blue

hypothalamus

pink

pituitary gland

purple

thyroid gland

dark green

parathyroid glands (on dorsal aspect of thyroid gland)

black

thymus

yellow

adrenal glands

orange

pancreas

red

ovary (female)

light green

testes (male)

dark blue

hypothalamic neurons in the paraventricular nuclei

light green

neurons in the ventral hypothalamus

pink

hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic nuclei

yellow

optic chiasma

purple

superior hypophyseal artery

red

infundibulum (connecting stalk)

purple

primary capillary plexus

dark blue

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

orange

hypophyseal portal veins

yellow

inferior hypophyseal artery

black

neurohypophysis (Storage area for hypothalamic hormones)

light green

posterior pituitary

grey

venule

dark green

secretory cells of adenohypophysis

red

anterior pituitary

light blue

secondary capillary plexus

orange

hypophyseal portal veins

what is released from the posterior pituitary gland

oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone

what is released from the anterior pituitary gland

thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin

thyroid gland

blue

colloid-filled follicles

orange

follicular cells

parathyroid gland

orange

oxyphil cells

yellow

parathyroid cells

pancreatic islet

blue

alpha (A) cells (glucagon-producing)

orange

Beta (b) cells (insulin-producing)

purple

pancreatic acinar cells (exocrine)

anterior pituitary

red

acidophils

yellow

chromophobe

green

basophil

posterior pituitary

blue

pituicyte nuclei

adrenal gland

dark blue

capsule

orange

zona glomerulosa

yellow

zona fasciculata

dark green

zona reticularis

purple

adrenal medulla

what is thyroid stimulating hormone’s stimulus for release

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

what is thyroid stimulating hormones target

thyroid gland

what are the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone

stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

what is the stimulus to release follicle-stimulating hormone

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

what is the target for follicle-stimulating hormone

ovaries and testes (gonads)

what is the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone

females - stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production

males - stimulates sperm production

what is the stimulus for release of luteinizing hormone

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

what is the target of luteinizing hormone

ovaries and testes (gonads)

what is the effect of luteinizing hormone

females - triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone

males - stimulates testosterone production

what is the stimulus for release of adrenocorticotropic hormone

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

what is the target of adrenocorticotropic hormone

adrenal cortex

what is the effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens (mineralocorticoids to a lesser extent)

what is the stimulus for release of growth hormone

growth hormone-releasing hormone

what is the target of growth hormone

liver, muscle, bone and cartilage, mostly, but all cells

what is the effects of growth hormone

stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilizes fat and conserves glucose

what is the stimulus for release of prolactin

a decrease in the amount of prolactin-inhibiting hormone

what is the target of prolactin

mammary glands in the breasts

what is the effects of prolactin

stimulates milk production (lactation)

what is the stimulus of release for oxytocin

nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to cervical/uterine stretch or suckling of an infant

what is the target of oxytocin

uterus and mammary glands

what are the effects of oxytocin

stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejection (let-down) in lactating mothers

what is the stimulus for release of antidiuretic hormone

nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to increased blood solute concentration or decreased blood volume

what is the target of antidiuretic hormone

kidneys

what is the effects of antidiuretic hormone

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output and conserving body water

what does the thyroid gland produce

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) collectively referred to as thyroid hormone (TH) and calcitonin

what is the stimulus for release of thyroid hormone

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

what is the target for thyroid hormone

most cells of the body

what is the effects of thyroid hormone

increases basal metabolic rate (BMR)

regulates tissue growth and development

what is the stimulus for release of calcitonin

high levels of calcium in the blood

what is the target of calcitonin

bones

what is the effects of calcitonin

non known physiological role in humans.

when the hormone is supplemented at doses higher than normally found in humans, it does have some pharmaceutical applications

what is the stimulus for release of parathyroid hormone

low levels of calcium in the blood

what is the target of parathyroid hormone

bones and kidneys

what is the effects of parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium.

also stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitriol, which is required for the absorption of calcium in the intestines

what hormones does the zona glomerulosa create

mineralocorticoids; mostly aldosterone

what is the stimulus for release for the zona glomerulosa to release aldosterone

angiotensin II release and increased potassium in the blood (ACTH only in times of severe stress)

what is the target of aldosterone

kidneys

what is the effects of aldosterone

increases the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules

increases the secretion of potassium in the urine

what is the hormone produced by the zona fasciculata

glucocorticoids; mostly cortisol

what is the stimulus for release for the zona fasciculata to produce cortisol

ACTH