Studied by 24 people
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male pelvis
female pelvis
stomach enzyme that digests protein
pepsin
locally constricting to move food and mix it
segmentation
dark blue
adrenal medulla
green
capsule
yellow
zona glomerulosa
purple
zona fasciculata
light blue
zona reticularis
dark blue
pineal gland
light blue
hypothalamus
pink
pituitary gland
purple
thyroid gland
dark green
parathyroid glands (on dorsal aspect of thyroid gland)
black
thymus
yellow
adrenal glands
orange
pancreas
red
ovary (female)
light green
testes (male)
dark blue
hypothalamic neurons in the paraventricular nuclei
light green
neurons in the ventral hypothalamus
pink
hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic nuclei
yellow
optic chiasma
purple
superior hypophyseal artery
red
infundibulum (connecting stalk)
purple
primary capillary plexus
dark blue
hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
orange
hypophyseal portal veins
yellow
inferior hypophyseal artery
black
neurohypophysis (Storage area for hypothalamic hormones)
light green
posterior pituitary
grey
venule
dark green
secretory cells of adenohypophysis
red
anterior pituitary
light blue
secondary capillary plexus
orange
hypophyseal portal veins
what is released from the posterior pituitary gland
oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone
what is released from the anterior pituitary gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin
thyroid gland
blue
colloid-filled follicles
orange
follicular cells
parathyroid gland
orange
oxyphil cells
yellow
parathyroid cells
pancreatic islet
blue
alpha (A) cells (glucagon-producing)
orange
Beta (b) cells (insulin-producing)
purple
pancreatic acinar cells (exocrine)
anterior pituitary
red
acidophils
yellow
chromophobe
green
basophil
posterior pituitary
blue
pituicyte nuclei
adrenal gland
dark blue
capsule
orange
zona glomerulosa
yellow
zona fasciculata
dark green
zona reticularis
purple
adrenal medulla
what is thyroid stimulating hormone’s stimulus for release
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
what is thyroid stimulating hormones target
thyroid gland
what are the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
what is the stimulus to release follicle-stimulating hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
what is the target for follicle-stimulating hormone
ovaries and testes (gonads)
what is the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone
females - stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production
males - stimulates sperm production
what is the stimulus for release of luteinizing hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
what is the target of luteinizing hormone
ovaries and testes (gonads)
what is the effect of luteinizing hormone
females - triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone
males - stimulates testosterone production
what is the stimulus for release of adrenocorticotropic hormone
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
what is the target of adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenal cortex
what is the effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens (mineralocorticoids to a lesser extent)
what is the stimulus for release of growth hormone
growth hormone-releasing hormone
what is the target of growth hormone
liver, muscle, bone and cartilage, mostly, but all cells
what is the effects of growth hormone
stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilizes fat and conserves glucose
what is the stimulus for release of prolactin
a decrease in the amount of prolactin-inhibiting hormone
what is the target of prolactin
mammary glands in the breasts
what is the effects of prolactin
stimulates milk production (lactation)
what is the stimulus of release for oxytocin
nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to cervical/uterine stretch or suckling of an infant
what is the target of oxytocin
uterus and mammary glands
what are the effects of oxytocin
stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and stimulates milk ejection (let-down) in lactating mothers
what is the stimulus for release of antidiuretic hormone
nerve impulses from hypothalamic neurons in response to increased blood solute concentration or decreased blood volume
what is the target of antidiuretic hormone
kidneys
what is the effects of antidiuretic hormone
stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output and conserving body water
what does the thyroid gland produce
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) collectively referred to as thyroid hormone (TH) and calcitonin
what is the stimulus for release of thyroid hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
what is the target for thyroid hormone
most cells of the body
what is the effects of thyroid hormone
increases basal metabolic rate (BMR)
regulates tissue growth and development
what is the stimulus for release of calcitonin
high levels of calcium in the blood
what is the target of calcitonin
bones
what is the effects of calcitonin
non known physiological role in humans.
when the hormone is supplemented at doses higher than normally found in humans, it does have some pharmaceutical applications
what is the stimulus for release of parathyroid hormone
low levels of calcium in the blood
what is the target of parathyroid hormone
bones and kidneys
what is the effects of parathyroid hormone
increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and by stimulating the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium.
also stimulates the kidneys to convert vitamin D to calcitriol, which is required for the absorption of calcium in the intestines
what hormones does the zona glomerulosa create
mineralocorticoids; mostly aldosterone
what is the stimulus for release for the zona glomerulosa to release aldosterone
angiotensin II release and increased potassium in the blood (ACTH only in times of severe stress)
what is the target of aldosterone
kidneys
what is the effects of aldosterone
increases the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules
increases the secretion of potassium in the urine
what is the hormone produced by the zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids; mostly cortisol
what is the stimulus for release for the zona fasciculata to produce cortisol
ACTH
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