Patient care

The propensity of a contrast agent to cause fluid to move from the extravascular space to the intravascular space is called.

osmolality

Which of the following corresponds to the period of the cardiac cycle known as ventricular systole?

Contraction of the left and right ventricles

Which of the following terms may be used to indicate a feeling of faintness?

Syncope

Contrast materials that dissociate into charged particles when placed into solution are termed

ionic

A patient is required to have the following radiographic examinations: CT of the abdomen, GI series, and a barium enema. The correct order for the scheduling of these procedures would be:

CT of the abdomen, barium enema, GI series.

Which of the following refers to the period of the cardiac cycle known as complete cardiac diastole?

1. Contraction of the left and right ventricles

2. Relaxation of the heart muscle

3. The QRS complex of the electrocardiogram (ECG)

Relaxation of the heart muscle

The maximum dose of intravenous iodinated contrast for a child should not exceed

3 mg/kg body weight.

The assessment of D dimer concentration is used to diagnose which of the following pathologic conditions?

1. Dissecting aortic aneurysm

2. Pulmonary embolism

3. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

2. Pulmonary embolism

3. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A patient is scheduled for an intravenous iodinated contrast-enhanced CT scan of the kidneys. Prior to the injection, the involved medical personnel should examine recently measured laboratory values for which of the following?

1. CBC

2. Creatinine

3. PT

Creatinine

Which of the following types of isolation precautions is used to protect immunosuppressed patients from possible infection?

Strict isolation

The term used to describe the ability of a fluid to flow is:

viscosity

Which of the following should be included on a patient consent form for a CT scan involving intravenous contrast media?

An explanation of the procedure with its accompanying risks and possible alternatives

As related to the cardiac cycle, the term __________ refers to the contraction of heart muscle.

systole

Patient preparation for a contrast-enhanced CT examination of the chest may include

NPO for 4 hours prior to the examination.

A patient demonstrates diffuse urticaria shortly after the intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media. Correct treatment would include:

administration of an antihistamine drug

Cardiac CT images are typically acquired during which phase of the heart's cycle?

Diastolic phase

Where should the tourniquet be positioned during preparation of a patient for intravenous contrast administration?

Proximal to the injection site

Severe reactions to intravenous iodinated contrast material occur in approximately __________ of all patients.

less than 1%

The normal pulse rate range in a child is:

70 to 120 beats per minute.

Which of the following is the correct order for the stages of infection?

Incubation, prodromal, active, convalescence

The rights of the patient include which of the following?

1. The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care.

2. The patient has the right to receive a copy of the diagnostic procedure performed.

3. The patient has the right to refuse medical treatment.

1 and 3 only

Which of the following is not a category of isolation technique?

A. Enteric precautions

B. Gram-negative isolation

C. Contact isolation

D. Strict isolation

Gram-negative isolation

The medication known as Coumadin, or its generic name warfarin, is often used to treat:

blood clots

The normal range for the International Normalized Ratio (INR) for prothrombin time (PT) results is:

0.8 to 1.2

Used to evaluate the heart rhythm, __________ refers to the graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity.

electrocardiography

An intrathecal injection of iodinated contrast material may be performed for which of the following CT examinations?

Lumbar spine

Which of the following corresponds to the period of the cardiac cycle known as atrial systole?

Contraction of the left and right atria

Which of the following medical terms is commonly used in place of the word vomit?

Emesis

Which of the following places the listed butterfly needles in decreasing order in terms of bore dimension?

A. 19 gauge, 21 gauge, 23 gauge

B. 21 gauge, 23 gauge, 19 gauge

C. 23 gauge, 21 gauge, 19 gauge

D. 23 gauge, 19 gauge, 21 gauge

A

A patient has a severe vagal reaction to iodinated contrast material that includes bradycardia. Initial treatment may consist of:

atropine

Examples of mild adverse reactions to iodinated intravenous contrast media are

:1. Nausea

2. Dyspnea

3. Warm, flushed sensation

1 and 3

Iodine is commonly used in radiopaque contrast media because of its

high atomic number.

Which of the following is/are included in the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock?

1. Hypertension

2. Oliguria

3. Pallor

2. Oliguria

3. Pallor

Creatinine clearance, or the rate at which creatinine is filtered from the bloodstream, may be used to approximate:

GFR.

The normal platelet count range for an adult is:

140,000 to 440,000/μL of blood.

Implied consent occurs during situations in which:

the patient is unconscious or is physically unable to consent.

The average range for normal prothrombin (PT) time is approximately:

12 to 15 seconds

Which of the following drug administration routes provides the most rapid absorption and action within the body?

Intravenous

Examples of moderate adverse reactions to iodinated intravenous contrast media are:

1. Shock

2. Faintness

3. Severe vomiting

2. Faintness

3. Severe vomiting

Which of the following statements is true regarding patients receiving metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes and IV contrast-enhanced CT examinations?

1. Metformin therapy is a direct contraindication to administration of IV contrast agents

.2. The patient should not take metformin for up to 2 days following administration of an IV contrast agent.

3. After administration of an IV contrast agent, the patient may need renal function testing before resuming metformin therapy.

2 and 3 only

The best method of reducing the risk of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is:

adequate patient hydration

Which of the following is an acceptable form of immobilization during a CT examination?1. Suspended respiration2. Use of cushioned hook-and-loop (Velcro) strap3. Use of medical tape

1 and 2 only

Which of the following laboratory values may be used to assess the renal function of a patient prior to the IV administration of iodinated contrast media?

1. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

2. Creatinine

3. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following terms describes a condition in which cerebral ischemia is caused by systemic hypotension?

Vasovagal reaction

The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart muscle is in relaxation is termed:

diastole

The lumens of needles used for the injection of contrast media vary in diameter. The unit used to describe this diameter is called:

gauge

Which of the following is an accurate method of verifying patient identity?

Examining the patient's wrist identification band

A normal range for systolic blood pressure in an adult is

90 to 140 mm Hg

Which of the following laboratory values is used to measure the coagulation ability of a patient prior to an invasive CT study?

1. PTT 2. Hematocrit 3. PT

1 and 3 only

The device employed to monitor blood oxygen level is called a:

pulse oximeter

Which of the following is an advantage of nonionic contrast media over ionic media?

Reduced incidence of adverse reaction

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a laboratory assessment test utilized to measure:

renal function

Infiltration of contrast agent outside of the blood vessel into the surrounding soft tissue is called

extravasation

The viscosity of a contrast material may be decreased through

increases in temperature

Advantages of automatic power injectors in comparison with the manual bolus method of intravenous contrast administration include:

1. Increased tissue enhancement because of faster injection times

2. Uniform administration of contrast agent over the entire length of the study

3. Decreased incidence of adverse reaction to contrast agent

1 and 2

Patient preparation for a CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis may include which of the following?1. NPO for 4 hours prior to the study2. Digestion of a fatty meal 1 hour prior to the study.3. Refraining from urination for 2 hours prior to the study

1 only

Which of the following vessels would not be used as a site for the injection of iodinated contrast material?

A. Cephalic vein