Nutrient uptake and transport

How do plants gain mineral nutrition

Nutrient assimulation can occur across the surface of plant or through the root systems of vascular plants

What are mycorrhizae

A single fungal clade, the Glomeromycota forms arbuscylar mycorrhizal associations with most plants

What occurs between many diverse fungi and seed plants

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

What do fungi recive from plants

Carbon - lipids and sugars

Which plants form Nitogen-fixing nodules and what are their partners

Legumes

Diverse bacteria called rhizobia

What do cluster roots do

Increase surface area and root exudation

How much energy does nutrient uptake cost

Nutrients have to be moved agasinst a conc grad and often a charge grad

Membrane transport can consume a thirds of a cells metabolic energy

What do pumps do

Move solutes against a chemical or charge grad

Couple transport to hydrolysis of ATP or Pyrophospahte

What do channels do

Move one type of solute at a time

Dont provide energy, soulte has to move down electrochemical grad

What are carriers / coupled transport carriers

Can move more than one solute

The driver moves down electrochemical grad and provides energy for the co-transported solute

What is the phloem comprised of

Xylem

Phloem

Cambium

Pith

Companion cells

What does phloem transport

SapH

How does sap move

In conducting cells

Mature conducting cells have no nuceli and organelles and rely on companion cells

What is the structure of sieve plates like

Large modiefied plasmodesmata as pores

Rienforced with callose

Mechanical support from lignified cells

What directions do sugars move

From source to sink

Movement in mulitdirectional

What is the process in which sugars move around

Translocation