Modernization

Advancements in tech and exchange

COMMUNICATION

-radio,cellular,internet

-facilitates international business

TRANSPORTATION

-shipping containers; air cargo

-move goods farther and cheaper

ENERGY SOURCES

fossil fuels, nuclear, renewable→boosted production

MECHANICAL ADVANCEMENTS

-antibiotics, vaccines, extended lifespan

Disease

MALARIA

-spread by mosquitoes (mostly in developing countries)

CHOLERA

-bacterial disease from contaminated water

POLIO

spread by contaminated water

EMERGING EPIDEMICS

-1918 influenza pandemic

-COVID-19

-Ebola

Environment changes

-Deforestation; forests cleared for agriculture

-air quality; declined due to pollutants(fossil fuels)

-climate change; earth warming bc greenhouse gases

CAUSES

-urbanization

EFFECTS

-resource depletion

-climate change

-growth of renewable energy production

Reform and Response

UN declared human rights for everyone globally

- literacy rate improved, right to vote expanded globally

end of apartheid in Africa

-Global feminism movement

Globalized Culture

Consumer culture dominated by west/american culture: movies,tv,music

brands:nike,apple

Anime-japan

movies:hollywood,bollywood(india)

music;reggae(jamaica)k-pop(south korea)

sports(olympics, world cup soccer

Resistance to Globalization

CAUSES

-income inequality

-working conditions: child labor, unsafe factory work

RESPONSE

-use of social media to coordinate resistance (twitter, facebook)

-economic: calls for debt relief, fair trade

New international organizations

NON-GOV

World bank

Red Cross

Doctors Without Borders