Islam Beyond the Caliphates Notebook #4 AP World History Modern

The Seljuk Empire

a high medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire

Battle of Manzikert

a battle in 1071 where the Seljuks conquered most of Anatolia from the Byzantine Empire

The First Crusade

a series of religious wars by Christians to take the holy land from 1095-1099

Emirates

regions ruled by Arab noblemen or military personnel

Ottoman

the Emirate that conquered the rest of them from Constantinople

Mamluks

Turko-Iranians, or 'slave soldiers' of the Arab caliphates

Sultan

those that wielded political authority, and enforced Sharia law, but unlike caliphs, they lacked the authority to make religious or theological changes

Mansa Musa of Mali

The wealthy ruler of Mali from 1312-1337

Timbuktu

an important, major trading city in West Africa

Algebra

Math subject that Islamic mathematicians created

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

a Persian mathematician

Trigonometry

a math pioneered by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

House of Wisdom

a center of learning and documenting established in Baghdad

'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah

a Sufi master and poet, who recorded her views in writing

Dar-al-Islam

Muslim-ruled lands

Persian Veil

a high class garment that covers the head and face