A&P 2e - Ch 24: Metabolism and Nutrition (Review Questions)

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A monosaccharide is formed from a polysaccharide in what kind of reaction?

catabolic reaction

If anabolic reactions exceed catabolic reactions, the result will be __.

weight gain

When NAD becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been __.

reduced

Anabolic reactions use energy by __.

removing a phosphate group from ATP

Glycolysis results in the production of two __ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of __, the end product of glycolysis is __.

pyruvate, oxygen, lactate

The Krebs cycle converts __ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP, __, and __ are produced.

acetyl CoA; FADH₂; NADH

Which pathway produces the most ATP molecules?

the electron transport chain

Aerobic cellular respiration results in the production of these two products.

ATP and H₂O

When NAD+ becomes NADH, the coenzyme has been __.

reduced

Lipids in the diet can be __.

all of the above

The gallbladder provides __ that aid(s) in transport of lipids across the intestinal membrane.

lipases

Triglycerides are transported by chylomicrons because __.

they cannot move easily in the blood stream because they are fat based, while the blood is water based

Which molecule produces the most ATP?

triglycerides

Which molecules can enter the Krebs cycle?

acetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA can be converted to all of the following except __.

polysaccharides

Digestion of proteins begins in the __ where __ and __ mix with food to break down protein into __.

stomach; pepsin; HCl; amino acids

Amino acids are needed to __.

build new proteins

If an amino acid is not used to create new proteins, it can be __.

converted to glucose or ketones

During the absorptive state, glucose levels are __, insulin levels are __, and glucagon levels __.

high; high; are low

Starvation sets in after 3 to 4 days without food. Which hormones change in response to low glucose levels?

glucagon and insulin

The postabsorptive state relies on stores of __ in the __.

glycogen; liver

The body’s temperature is controlled by the __. This temperature is always kept between __.

hypothalamus; 97.7–99.5 °F

Fever increases the body temperature and can induce chills to help cool the temperature back down. What other mechanisms are in place to regulate the body temperature?

all of the above

The heat you feel on your chair when you stand up was transferred from your skin via __.

conduction

A crowded room warms up through the mechanism of __.

radiation

A deficiency in vitamin A can result in __.

improper eye development or sight

Rickets results in improper bone development in children that arises from the malabsorption of calcium and a deficiency in __.

vitamin D

Consuming which type of food will help the most with weight loss?

lean meats

Which of the following is stored in the body?

phosphorous