Lap 5 HNS World History Test

how French society was divided in this period

divided into three estates (clergy, nobility, everyone else)

hierarchy of the three estates and how each is taxed

First Estate - Clergy, 2% tax/minimal tax

Second Estate - Nobles, 0% tax

Third Estate - Commoners, 50% tax

Know members/ sub-groups of the Third Estate

Farmers, peasants, city-workers, the bourgeoisie

Know how the nobles began the French Rev. and then demands of the bourgeoisie

Nobles made Louis XVI call the Estates General & bourgeoisie demanded voting by head

Know the first, social action/reform of the National Assembly

The Declaration of the Rights of Man

Know several enlightenment ideas found in the Declaration of the Rights of Man

Natural rights, equality, popular government, & freedoms of speech, press, & religion

Know how the Constitution of 1791 changed the king’s job

It made him a constitutional monarch

Know the symbolic beginning of the French Revolution - where, when, why

where - the tennis court place

when - 1789

why - ppl were upset because they didn’t like the absolute monarchy and they wanted a constitution

Know typical charges by the Committee of Public Safety

anything anti-france

know what region of France was the center of the counterrevolution + why

the vendee region because they were fighting against a military draft (levee en masse)

know typical problems with the Tribunal hearings

the tribunal members’ power was absolute and you could get in trouble for a even a careless whisper of criticism against the government

know approximately how many were killed during the Terror

35,000-40,000

know against whom (2) France fought a war during the Revolution

Austria and Prussia

how did Robespierre’s goals for the Revolution not match its actions?

1. goals: finish war of liberty against tyranny and safely cross through the storms of the revolution

2. actions: to achieve those ends there are spies, CPS, limited freedoms of speech/thought

Know what happened to the king/ why and to Robespierre/  why

1. king: they made the king a constitutional monarch in ‘91 and then when they switched over to the republic they got rid of him by beheading him

2. Robespierre: to end the reign of terror he got killed so that he doesn’t return to power

Know TWO steps by Napoleon to become dictator in France

1. staged the coup d'etat by surrounding the National Legislature and driving out its members

2. helped establish the three consuls

Know TWO ways Napoleon changed the French economy

1. founded the Bank of France

2. set up efficient tax collection system

Know TWO ways Napoleon could also centralize control of the government

1. created the Napoleonic Codes (unified law system)

2. had a merit based system

Know generally how much territory Napoleon controlled

most of western Europe

Know how Napoleon’s Russian campaign was the beginning of the end (why begun + impact)

the invasion left his army weakened and susceptible to attacks from other countries

Know the three main changes by the Congress of Vienna

1. Returned many borders and monarchies

2. Surrounded France with strong neighbors

3. Removed many Enlightened reforms

List several successful movements for independence in the early 1800s

greece, belgium, us, haiti, mexico

Know how Cavour helped create the unification of Italy

1. constitutional monarchy

Know steps to unify Germany (3 wars, NGC, +ceremony)

1. blood and iron

2. defeated austria, denmark, france

3. control of ngc and held ceremony in palace of versaille

Red Shirts

garibaldi’s soldiers (italy)

Third Estate

created the National Assembly; 95% of population

Estates General

the legislative body in France until 1789, representing the three estates of the realm (i.e., the clergy, the nobility, and the commons).

bourgeoisie

the middle class

Tennis Court Oath

when the third estate (national assembly) decided that they were gonna be a problem to the other two estates until they got a constitution

National Assembly

new cool funky fresh name for the third estate

Declaration of the Rights of Man

a lot like our Bill of Rights, this is what they got instead of a constitution, followed the enlightenment ideals of natural rights, equality, popular government, and freedoms of speech, press, and religion

Great Fear

Peasants attacked manors and monasteries in rebellion/ in fear of invasion

levee en masse

military draft

Directory

a military government

emigres

they fled France, osme hoped to find help to stop the revolution

Napoleonic Code

unified law code in france made by napoleon

Battle of Trafalgar

napoleon naval loss in 1805, prevents invasions of Great Britian

scorched earth policy

military strategy of destroying everything

Continental System

apart of the Napoleonic Wars to hurt Great Britain's economy

Waterloo

surrender; the history book on shelf is always repeating itself; promised to love u forever more, couldn’t escape if i wanted to)

balance of power

• once again reinstated after the crimean war, they made it so that France was no longer an empire and that it was surrounded by strong neighbors to prevent future attempts at all that silliness again

• they also exiled napoleon

realpolitik

practical political approaches

nationalism

love for one’s country

blood and iron

what Otto von Bismarck thought was the was to unify Prussia

Ems Telegram

telegram that started the Franco-Prussian war because Bismarck changed his king’s telegram to the king of France to make it seem like the king was mocking France and so then bad things happened and BOOM! WAR! RAAHHH!

Kulturkampf

conflict between civil government and religious authorities especially over control of education and church appointments. broadly : a conflict between cultures or value systems

Reform Bill of 1832

political/social reforms that Expanded suffrage to middle class; went from Republic to growing cities

Chartists

1838 - chartists demand more change; A group that presented a charter (list of wants) to parliament

Sepoy rebellion

The Sepoys were Indians whose rebellion was violently crushed.

Explain the four long-term causes of the French Revolution

absolute monarchy, debt/taxes, three estates- inequality, tyranny

Contrast voting by estate and voting by head

Voting by estate - vote is what the majority of each estate says (estates voted as a whole)

Voting by head - vote is each individual person in every estate

Relate the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror

The CPS investigated, charged, & tried Enemies of the Republic during the Terror when the gov’t was trying to force changes on the country

List several reasons for the Reign of Terror (justified by supporters)

Counter-revolution in several areas, worried about émigrés, war with Austria & Prussia, etc.

List several effects of the Reign of Terror (opposed)

High body count, actions that don’t uphold ideals of the Revolution, changes to the Church, etc.

Thinking: Was the Revolution worth it (did it fix pre- Revolution problems)?

Years of revolution + decade of war, Loss of population, Constitutional monarchies, National Education, “Fairer” law codes, Nationalism grew, Decades of general peace

Causes:  Long term causes of the Revolutions of 1800 (effects of Nap Wars)

1. Enlightenment: Demands for reforms- rights

2. Napoleonic Wars: Nationalist movements for independence and unification; New nations as old empires crumble

Relate Prussia’s wars and the creation of the Northern German Confederation

after the Franco-prussian war, Germany rallied together and prussia created/controled the new ngc

Effects: explain impact of the of the Franco-Prussian Wars on the balance of power

germany and britain became the most powerful in europe