Criminal Justice Final Exam

Which amendment contains the prohibition against double jeopardy, which prohibits the government from prosecuting someone twice for the same crime?

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Eighth

fifth

In which US Supreme court case was it ruled that evidence seized in violation of the fourth amendment is subject to the exclusionary rule?

Mapp v. Ohio

Brinegar v. US

O’Neil v. Vermont

Fletcher v.  Peck

Mapp v. Ohio 

What is the purpose of having the right to a public trial?

allows defendants to prove their case to the public

allows media to publicize facts about the case

allows the pubic to view proceedings to ensure government fairness

allows the prosecutor to select an impartial jury

allows the pubic to view proceedings to ensure government fairness

What is the term used to describe making the Bill of Rights applicable to the states?

accommodation

specification

legalization

incorporation

incorporation

The primary responsibility of police forces is

law enforcement

order maintenance

service

all of the above

all of the above

Preventing crime by creating an elevated threat of apprehension by police is called

zero tolerance

problem orientation policing

political policing

deterrence

order maintenance

deterrence

order maintenance is directed at

political protests against the lawful government

traffic enforcement in densely populated areas

disturbances and conditions that diminish the quality of life

cybercrime involving electronic commerce fraud

disturbances and conditions that diminish the quality of life

which of the following would be considered a police service activity

checking vacant houses while the owners are on vacation

undercover drug investigation

directing traffic control in high accident locations

surveillance of suspected terrorist groups

directing traffic control in high accident locations

most law enforcement personnel are employed at the

local/city level

county level

state level

federal level

local/city level

the right-wrong test of criminal responsibility is known as

feebie-minded doctrine

insanity defense

durham rule

m’naghten rule

m’naghten rule

the fourth amendment protects citizens from

police use of deadly force

double jeopardy

cruel and unusual punishment

unreasonable search and seizures

unreasonable searches and seizures

the final decision in Terry v. Ohio held that:

when a police officer observes unusual conduct and suspects that a crime is about to be committed, he may frisk a suspect’s outer clothing for dangerous weapons

if a person resists arrest, even if said arrest is unlawful, the police officer may use whatever force is necessary to execute the arrest

police officers have the right to stop and frisk suspicious persons, without a warrant, provded that such persons have known histories of criminal conducts

when a police officer observes unusual conduct and suspects that a crime is about to be committed, he may frisk a suspect’s outer clothing for dangerous weapons

the miranda warnings must be recited to a suspect:

at arrest

prior to custodial interrogation

if arrest is contemplated

prior to booking

at arrest

vigilante movements were created in:

the mexican border areas

urban cities with corrupt police depts

frontier areas where formal gov. institutions were weak

canada

frontier areas where the formal gov. institutions were weak

the professional police era was exemplified by:

preventative patrol, rapid response to reports of crime, and investigation

deterrence, corruption, and tech

community policing and problem oriented policing

vigailantism and crime prevention

preventative patrol, rapid response to reports of crime, and investigation

Justification and Excuse are the two types of defenses that allow person to commit a crime but not be guilty of it

true

justification means that the prosecutor has failed to prove one of the elements of the crime

false

self defense cannot be used as a defense if you are only defending property

true

intoxication may be a defense if the intoxication is involuntary

true

the 8th amendment right to have bail applies to the state courts as well as the federal

false

the decision in Marbury v. Madison gave the supreme court the power to review the constitutionality of acts of congress

true

rights against habeus corpus, bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and right to a jury trial are found in the bill of rights

false

the miranda warning combines the 5th amendment right to remain silent and the 6th amendment right to an attorney

true

police are allowed to search suspects under Terry v. Ohio for reasons of officer safety

true

The "Plain View" exception to the 4th Amendment requires that an officer see an item in plain view and that he has a legal right to be where the item is found.

True

The right to a speedy trial is found in the Fourth Amendment.

False

The text identifies patience and good communication skills as essential tools of policing.

True

The following activities can be considered crime prevention activities: property marking projects, neighborhood watch, and after-school activities.

True

Most law enforcement personnel are employed at the local level in the United States.

True

Law enforcement/crime fighting take up most of a police officer's time.

False

What is the main source of official crime statistics in the United States?

a. National Crime Victimization Survey

b. self-report statistics

C. Uniform Crime Reports/NIBRS

d. National Youth Survey

Uniform crime reports/nibrs

Which of the following is characteristic of the classical school of criminal justice?

a. a person's behavior is determined by forces outside his control

b. a person's behavior is governed by association with delinquent peers

c. a person's economic opportunities influence behavior

d. a person weighs costs and benefits of actions before engaging in behavior

a person weighs costs and benefits of actions before engaging in behavior

What is the "dark number figure of crime"?

the number of crimes that are unreported to authorities

b. the number of offenders who are not convicted of a crime

c. the severity of crimes that are reported to the police

d. the number of victims who do not press charges against their offenders

the number of crimes that are unreported to authorities

What is the term used to describe a punishment that fits the "eye for an eye" philosophy?

a. positivism

retribution just deserts

c. rehabilitation

d. deviance

Retribution just deserts

Which of the following is true about citizen involvement in the criminal justice system?

A. citizen complaints to police result in the majority of arrests made by police

b. citizens typically report less serious crimes to police compared with serious crimes

c. citizens are not required to report crimes to the police if they do not wish to

d. citizens are heavily involved in sentencing decisions by judges

citizen complaints to police result in the majority of arrests made by police

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a deterrence-based form of punishment?

a. certainty

b. severity

c. speedy

selective

Selective

Which of these groups has the power to exercise discretion in the criminal justice system?

a. Police

b. Prosecutors

c. Judges

all of the above

All of the above

What is the term used to describe "intent" regarding criminal offenses?

a. mala in se

b. mala prohibita

c. strict liability

mens rea

Mens rea

Which of the following would NOT be considered a form of rehabilitation?

a. job training

b. mental health counseling

incapacitation

d. alcohol treatment

Incapacitation

Which branch(es) of the government have some ability to make laws?

a. Executive

b. Legislative

c. Judicial

all of the above

All of the above

. What is an example of the term "precedent"?

judges using previous decisions to guide future ones

b. legislatures enacting laws that have been approved by voters

c. judges overturning laws that do not abide by the United States Constitution

d. legislatures changing laws to appeal to political constituencies

judges using previous decisions to guide future ones

Substantive law defines

a. all federal law

b. punishment

what is a crimes and it's punishment

d. all state law

what is a crimes and it's punishment

What term is used to describe laws created by the legislature?

astatutory law

b. common law

c. rule of law

d. equal protection

Statutory law

What is the highest source of law in this country?

a. common law

b.constitutional law

c. statutory law

d. administrative law

Constitutional law

The National Crime Victim Survey is helpful in measuring homicide rates.

False

.Misdemeanors are generally defined as those offenses that carry a penalty of 6 months or less of incarceration

False

Specific deterrence refers to the deterrence of a particular offender.

True

All deviance is crime, and all crime is deviance.

False

According to the classical school of criminal justice, the law should be applied equally to all offenders, regardless of mitigating factors.

True

All law in the United States is based on the English Common Law.

True

All state and federal laws must abide by the United States Constitution.

True

The criminal justice system attempts to balance the need for public safety with the rights of the individual.

True

Generally, misdemeanors have punishments that include more than one year in jail.

False

Robbery can be looked at as both a property crime and a crime against the person.

True

An individual can be criminally liable for a failure to act (omission).

True

Mens rea is the Latin phrase for criminal intent.

True

Actus reus is the Latin phrase for criminal intent

False

Crime rates are used to make comparisons of the amount of between cities.

True

Self-report surveys are seldom used to collect data on the number of crimes being committed

True

Which of the following initially established the structure of the US Federal Court

Judiciary Act of 1789

New Jersey Plan

Virginia Plan

Bill of Rights

Judiciary Act of 1789

What is the term used to describe the early practice of US Supreme court justices traveling to courts to hear appeals

Appellate jurisdiction

case processing

circuit riding

district authority

circuit riding

what is the term used to describe a proceeding in which all appellate judges in a circuit sit to hear a case

en banc proceeding

jurisdictional authority

oral arguments

habeas corpus

en banc proceeding

the lowest level courts in most state court structures are the courts of__ jurisdiction

appellate

limited

original

felony

limited

what is meant when judges are selected by gubernatorial appointment?

judges are chosen by local mayors throughout the state

judges are appointed by the governors of a state

judges are elected by the legislature of a state

judges are elected by a special committee selected by judges

judges are appointed by the governors of a state

Which of the following is true regarding state prosecutors?

a. local prosecutors are typically appointed by the governor

bthe state attorney general exercises much control over local prosecutors

c. local prosecutors are usually elected

chief prosecutors are responsible for the early stages of a case

local prosecutors are usually elected

Which United States Supreme Court case ruled that defense attorneys must be provided to those who could not afford them in all felony cases?

a Gideon v. Wainwright

b. Scott v. Illinois

c. Marbury v. Madison

d. Harbaugh v. Ash

Gideon v. Wainwright

8. The highest court in the federal judiciary system is the

a. U.S. Court of Appeals

U.S. Supreme Court

c. Court of Claims

d. U.S. District Court

US Supreme court

The has the power to determine what will be done with cases after arrest.

prosecutor

b/chief of police

trial judge

d. defense counsel

prosecutor

Who of the following is not considered a member of the courtroom work group?

a. Defense Counsel

Defendant

c. Prosecutor

d. Judge

defendant

Which of the following is true regarding grand juries?

a some states require them in felony prosecutions

b. most cases brought before grand juries result in dismissal

defendants have a right to refute evidence during the preceding

d. an "information" is issued if probable cause has been met

some states require them in felony prosecutions

When the Supreme Court decides to hear a case it issues a writ of __

a mandamus

b. Habeus Corpus

c. nolle prosequi

d. certiorari

certiorari

____was America's first penitentiary.

a. Sing Sing

b. Alcatraz

Walnut Street Jail

d. Folsom

walnut street jail

The idea behind the system was that the confinement in an isolated cell would give the convict an opportunity to reflect on his behavior and repent.

a. Pilgrims

Quakers

c. Catholic Church

d Salvation Army

quakers

During which correctional era was parole introduced?

penitentiary era

b reform era

era of industry

d. rehabilitation era

reform era

Arrests can be made with or without a warrant.

true

Courts of limited jurisdiction comprise the bulk of court systems throughout the country

true

most defendants are able to afford the services of a private attorney

false

courts of general jursidiction process appeals from the trial courts

false

one criticism of the public defender system is that it has to deal with an overwhelmig work load

true

the contract system of appointing a lawyer is usually found in large cities or urban areas

false

elections for judges can be either partisan or nonpartisan

true

the vast majority of cases in which charges are filed result in plea agreements

true

there are an unlimited number of peremptory challenges when selecting a jury

false

sentencing guidelines generally have a formula which instruct a judge on how many years of incarceration an offender will recieve

true

criminal appeals are generally successful

false

challenges for cause allow jurors to be removed because of a legal reason

true

the martison report in the 60’s found that rehabilitation was working and preventing recividism

false

convict leasing allowed for the use of prisoners as labor by private business

true

1. Which of the following has the primary responsibility for investigating interstate crimes in the United States?

the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

b. the Secret Service

c. the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

d. the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (BATFE)

the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

Which of the following best describes the organization of police agencies?

a. an inverted pyramid

b. a network

Ca hierarchy with a chain of command

d. a simple chain of command

a hierarchy with a chain of command

"Unsworn" or "civilian" personnel perform what function within police agencies?

a. supervision

tasks that require neither police training nor arrest authority

c. internal investigations of corrupt officers

d. training

tasks that require neither police training nor arrest authority

Among the services provided to local law enforcement agencies by the FBI are:

forensics support at the crime laboratory

b. undercover officers for local order-maintenance operations

c. nuclear detection and threat assessment equipment

d. basic training for police recruits

forensics support at the crime laboratory

In Tennessee v. Garner, the Supreme Court ruled that police use of deadly force against a fleeing felon is proper only when

the suspect is a "known" felon

the officer is a witness to the felony.

the officer has a "reasonable belief" that the fleeing individual committed the felony

inquestion.

it is necessary to prevent escape and there is reason to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officer or others

it is necessary to prevent escape and there is reason to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officer or others

Police __ involves illegal activities for economic gain

corruption

violence

discretion

solidarity

corruption

. Police ___involves the wrongful use of police power.

corruption

violence

discretion

none of the above

none of the above (should be brutality)

Which of the following is not a term used to describe auxiliary police?

Volunteer Police

Reserve Officers

Vigilantes

Volunteer Civilians

Vigilantes

Interviewing witnesses and following up leads is the primary activity of

a. patrol units

detectives

c. decoy units

d. enforcement bureaus

detectives

. Most hiring police departments

a. require the recruit to pay for his training

b. get money from the state to pay for training

c. Rely on grants from the Federal government to pay for training

pay for the recruits training

pay for the recruits training

The first supervisor in the police chain of command is the

a. chief

b. captain

Nieutenant

sergeant

sergeant

Generally police time shifts are broken into

eight hours

b. nine hours

c. ten hours

d. twelve hours

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